Marketing plan for amazon.com Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing plan for amazon.com - Research Paper Example cific industry in which Amazon.com operates, the organization requires a holistic marketing strategy associated with the Amazon name rather than attempting the laborious and costly activity of differentiating each and every market in which the company maintains a presence. Therefore, the company should be focusing on building a brand personality for the company as a whole, making a variety of markets gain favorable impressions of the company and not the products or industries in which the business operates. The marketing strategy is to ensure that disparate consumer segments build a perception of brand preference for Amazon.com over its plethora of different competitors. Brand preference is defined as the level to which consumer segments prefer a company or brand after weighing equality related to product availability and pricing structures (Boone & Kurtz, 2007). It is the extent to which consumers would rather make purchases with one company over other competitive offerings in an established market. Advertising is a powerful influence in creating brand preference (Jedidi, Mela & Gupta, 1999). Price is also a substantial persuasion that impacts the level of demand that companies can expect which is an indicator of brand preference (Draganska & Jain, 2006). Amazon.com, as a company that has been in operation since 1994, has already established brand recognition and brand awareness with millions of consumers which is justified by attained revenues of $61.09 billion in 2012 (Amazon, 2013). However, if the company can establish brand preference, it will open many new market opportunities and increase market share for this company that is still in the growth stage. Companies that have managed to establish brand preference experience higher revenue growth and can even allow organizations to charge higher prices since consumers believe in the quality and integrity of the brand (Chaudhuri & Holbrook, 2001). To accomplish this goal of establishing more significant brand

Bullying and Marsh Et Al Essay Example for Free

Bullying and Marsh Et Al Essay Everyday thousand of teens wake up terrified of attending school. About one in seven schools, a child is either a bully or a victim of bullying. Bullying is simply defined as a type of aggressive behavior that involves intent to cause harm and a power imbalance (Olweus, 1999). Bullying can range anywhere from psychological, physical (involving kicking and punching), verbal or cyber abuse. Bullying among children can be considered as a form of abuse’ (0-). It has been put forward that bullying is a division of aggressive behavior and has been further characterized as repetitive and ‘an inability on behalf of the victim to defend him or herself’ (Farrington, 1993, cited it Sapouna, 2008). We learn from Sapouna (2008) that bullying can take the form of ‘verbal (name calling), physical (hitting, kicking) or relational (deliberate exclusion from a group, spreading of malicious rumors). After extensive research in Scandinavia, Olweus(1993, cited in Kumpulainen et al.,1998) proposed that bullying can be carried out by one or more adolescents and usually occurs on repeated occasions, and to some extent, it occurs in all schools. Recently bullying amongst young people has gain notoriety in the press due to the extreme results it has had on certain young individuals. An example of this is Sian Yates, a 13 year old girl who committed suicide after repeated bullying (Daily Mail, 2007). Despite the press attention given to these cases, the extreme consequence of suicide does not occur in the majority of cases. Victims can suffer from a range of harmful effects such as humiliation, anxiety, depression, difficulty with interpersonal relationships, and emotional instability. This lead to the finding of Kumpulainen et al., (1998) that ‘bullying is a common phenomenon among children who are psychologically disturbed.’ The writer went on to say that there are ‘higher rates of psychological distress among both bullies and victims’ than those not involve. However, the literature is consistent in noting that the ‘bullied victims are the most troubled of the bully, victim, bully –vict im triad’ (Juvonen et al., 2003; Ma, 2001; Pellegrini, 2002; Pellegrini et al., 1999;Salmivalli Nieminen, 2002, cited in Cunningham, 2007). Should these lead agencies to focus more on protecting the victim? Some schools have decided that the way forward is to have zero tolerance policies. This may include all students who bully. However, if certain researcher’s numbers are correct it could mean excluding from school, forty percent of the school aged population. Given the widespread nature of the problem can zero tolerance really mean, â€Å"Zero tolerance†? We learn from the NHS ‘website teens for health’ (2008) that ‘anyone can be singled out by bullies.’ The NSPCC found that 31 per cent of children had been bullied at some point (Teens for health, 2008). This being the case, can anyone be bullied? Black and Jackson (2007) have put forward that there lies and ‘an imbalance of power’ between the parties involved in bullying. ‘The bully is stronger through social status, physical prowess, age, cognitive abilities or skill.’ Is this imbalance of power the sa me across the genders? There is an extensive body of literature that suggests that boys are more likely than girls to be bullies as well as victims (Nansel et al.2001; Boulton Smith, 1994; Boulton Underwood, 1992, cited in Marsh, Parada, Craven, Finger, 2004). This doesn’t mean girls cannot be bullies. Stephenson and Smith (1989, cited in Kumpulainen et al., 1998) found that girls as well as boys fitted into the ‘five main groups of people involved in bullying’. These are: ‘dominating bullies, anxious bullies, bully-victims, classical victims, and provocative victims.’ These traits were also found by Sourander,Helstelà ¤, Helenius and Piha (2000) to have clinical implications. Sourander et al., (2000) noted that ‘Bullying is especially associated with aggressive and antisocial behavior while victimization is associated with internalizing problems.’ Whitney and Smith, (1989, cited in Kumpulainen et al., 1998) found ‘bullies to be more prone to have criminal convictions later in life, and more likely to be involved in serious, recidivist crime’. Are criminal convections later in life a fair punishment for their actions? Or should something be done to help the bully? This leads to the question as what is the nature of these young people that make them prone to being a victim or a bully. In the search for a personality construct, many researchers have come to the agreement that ‘bullies are deficient in social information processing or may be intellectually disadvantaged’ (Besag, 1989, cited in Marsh et al., 2004). The work of Crick and Dodge (1994, cited in Marsh et al., 2004) explained that bullies responses to social situations are being met with a filtration process. This ‘cognitive filter’ is based on an aggressive individual interpreting neutral or ambiguous cues as hostile and therefore, making them more likely to engage in aggressive behaviors’ (Marsh et al., 2004). This was also seen to be the case in Bosworth, Espelage, and Simon (1999, cited in Marsh et al., 2004) when ‘a sample of adolescent high school students showed that misconduct, anger, and beliefs supportive of violence were significantly related to bullying behaviors’. Although bullying is an aggressive act, this does not imply that bullies and aggressive or conduct-disordered individuals are a homogenous group. Sutton et al (1999, cited in Marsh, 2004) put forward that bullies were part of a complex environment where they are require to ‘negotiate and attribute mental states to themselves and others to explain or predict their behavior.’ This idea contravenes the notion that ‘bullies are cognitively inept or simple in their inte ractions with peers’ (Sutton et al 1999, cited in Marsh, 2004). References â€Å"Bullying†. Violence Prevention. 1 Dec. 2012 http://www.violencepreventionworks.org/public/olweus_history.page Dawkins, J. L. (1996). Bullying, physical disability and the pediatric patient. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 38 603-612. Espelage, D. L., Holt M. K., Henkel, R. R. (2003). Examination of peer group contextuals effects on aggressive behavior during early adolescence. Child development, 74, 205-220. Pelligrini, A. D. (2002) Bullying and victimization in schools: A Dominance relations perspective . Educational Psychologist, 37, 151-163.

Gender and Gender Relations in Manga and Anime Essay -- Men Women Humo

Manga and Anime, as inviting and open as they may seem, are at heart the products of Japan's culture. Despite its technological advancement, Japan somehow manages to retain much of its historical character, in addition to blending in the overwhelming influences of the West. The Japanese treatment of gender and gender relations has taken many turns over the last millennium, and manga and anime reflect those changes. Still, at the core of the culture lies certain fundamental beliefs that are proving difficult to change. Recently, too, there is growing controversy over gender roles in Japan. An American friend recently complained bitterly over the pervasiveness of sadistic, (heterosexual) male-oriented Japanese pornography in Japan. She says that the message that women are sexual objects has become almost epidemic in Japanese culture, and that male chauvenism is everywhere. Many career women in Japan seem to be so disgusted with things that they refuse to marry. And too many men are expected to sacrifice themselves to their jobs, to the point of having no family involvement. When a man retires, he sometimes becomes trapped in a family he doesn't know, with nothing to do, and he tends to die soon after from his sudden lack of purpose. I am not an expert in this topic; however, maybe I can provide some insight into Japanese culture and its reflection in manga, as well as some recent trends in manga. I am writing, by the way, from the point of view that individuality is more important than one's gender --- and hence to stereotype genders and to force people to conform to those stereotypes is not a good thing. I personally think we'd all be better off if each of us picked up the stereotypical strengths of both genders, if, say, men w... ...s, it seems, is to make Ranma prove that he loves her. (In Takahashi's Urusei Yatsura series, Lum would make herself bait in order to watch Moroboshi come rescue her --- proof to her that he did love her). However, unlike a truly helpless heroine, over and over Akane must come to Ranma's rescue after he has come to hers. Without Akane's help, Ranma would have lost many of his battles, as much as he hates to admit it. Akane is a key part of a team; either person could not possibly succeed alone. (Interestingly, though, this partnership is down-played in the TV shows; it only truly shines through in Takahashi's original stories). Even in some of the more stereotyped manga, there is some partnership and friendship between the sexes. And isn't partnership --- mutual respect, caring for each other, helping each other --- the most important thing in any relationship?

Martin Luther king Essay

It is normal for every person to have dreams about the future. Many people have their own personal dreams while others have dreams for the society. People also tend to have both positive and negative dreams, which they hold. A good leader is one who has positive dream about the people he leads. One of the famous people who have dreams that have to become true is Martin Luther king. This paper gives the analysis of Martin Luther king’s â€Å"I have a dream†. â€Å"I have a dream† speech by Martin Luther king is one of the most wonderful and best speeches that have been given in time immemorial. It was in August 1963 when he moved America by this speech. The speech was full of soaring rhetoric, which demanded justice to be done to all races, and demanding for an integrated society where the black community was recognized. His words proved to be the touchstone in understanding the political and social upheavals that existed in the American society during that time. This gave the country a vocabulary to use when expressing the happenings of that moment. He had one very crucial message that all people regardless of their skin colour were created equally and so they should be treated the same. However, he insisted that that was not the case in America at that moment but he was optimistic that this would happen in the future. He insisted that this would happen in the future in a very powerful and passionate way. His speech was well researched because in the preparation of this speech he studied the Bible, the address by Gettysburg and the declaration of the United States independence. He was able to incorporate all the research in his speech. Looking at his speech it can be described to be a political treatise, poetry, a well improvised and masterfully sermon full of Biblical imagery and language. He used frequent repetition and alliteration in making his points to be clear. Looking at the first half of the speech it shows not an idealized dream of American. It shows a seething Nightmare of racial injustice by the Americans (Murray, 15-20). This is where the speech call for action by insisting that t was the right time for the racial injustices to end. His shows the urgency that is need to undertake the actions. He held that this was the right time to make the real promises of democracy. This was the time for the American to come out of dark and desolate valley full of discrimination and start walking on the path of racial justice. He insisted that that was the right time to make all people have equal opportunities and start living in solid rock of brotherhood. He also encouraged people to make pledge that they would all walk together and never look backwards. He insisted that devotees of civil rights would never be satisfied until the moment when the black man in the American society would be free of horror brutality by the police. He also insisted that they would never rest until when the quality of life of the Negroes had improved and given right to participate in the running of the country and understood the importance of their participation in the public affairs (Dyson, 51-53). In the second half of the speech, the speech depicts the dream of a better, integrated and a future that would be fairer in racial harmony. This is the part of the speech, which has the theme of â€Å"I have a dream. † This phrase is repeated as a way of making his inspirational concepts be understood. He encourages the people that despite of the frustrations and difficulties at that moment he had a dream that all this would end. He held that a day is coming when the country would live according to the true meaning of its creed (Dyson, 51-53). This is when all people from different social classes, for example, children of slaves and those of the slave owners would be able to live as brothers and sit down together. The society that would be full of freedom and justice for all people. This would be a society where people would not be judged by the colour of their skin but would be judged by what they have in their character. He had a dream that the society would be transformed and the glory of the lord would be seem by everybody who would be living in that society (Murray, 15-20). The speech had a very strong message for the white community and hinted revolution. However, he used peaceful words and provided a vision for everybody. At the end of the speech, he had a passage aimed at unification of all people with a theme focusing around freedom. This is where he insisted that time was coming when all the people would sing one song of a sweet land of liberty. All people from all races, religious affiliations would be able to join hands and sing of a free state. There are three factors, which made his speech to have a lot of impact. The remarkable emotion he used in terms of body and voice. The place at which the speech was given in the steps of the memorial of a US president defeated the slavery in the southern states. Another factor is the mood of the day where there was increased slavery among the black people and the time when the whites started feeling guilty of their actions. Work cited Dyson Michael. Debating race with Michael Eric Dyson, New York, Basic Civitas Books, 2007, pg 51- 53. Murray Julie. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, 1st edition, New York, ABDO Group, 2005, pg 15-20.

Ampalaya Coffee Essay

Abstract This investigatory project aims to prepare and also to make a coffee from the â€Å" Ampalaya Seeds†. We know that Ampalaya or also known as Bitter melon is known for as its bitterness and astringent taste , the bitter melon can see everywhere. This investigatory project encourage us students to make a coffee, as an alternative product . This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of the ampalaya seeds as coffee. The researchers used powdered Ampalaya seeds in this study. After researching and collecting the raw materials, the researchers were able to begin the experimentation. The coffee was obtained by drying, grinding, and roasting the seeds of ampalaya, and boiled. After boiling, the coffee was manually extracted with the use of a clean cloth. The study focuses on producing coffee out of ampalaya seeds. It does not aimed to determine which coffee (ampalaya seeds vs. commercial coffee) has more nutritional value or which is more nutritious. II. Acknowledgement. We would like to thank to the following person that are help us to start and to continuing this our Investigatory Project ,including the following to our ALMIGHTY GOD that help us and give us strength and knowledge to explain the main idea of this investigatory project . To our parents and also our friend who give us supports to finish our Investigatory Project. For our parents that supplies our needs , including the financial needs . THANK YOU !!!!!! Chapter 1: Introduction In our modern generation , many people in our country used coffee especially our grandparents and also our parents. Coffee is known as beverage to the majority of the people. It is known for its stimulating effect on the functions of the brain , thus making the drinker active . Variants of coffee flavors were already produced all throughout the world aiming for the discovery of alternative sources of coffee production . The coffee from ampalaya seeds help us to earn and save money . A. Background of the study Coffee alternatives have been famous since the last two decades due to economic crisis and experimentations for health and medical benefits. Any seeds that are edible when powdered can be used as an alternative source for coffee. The difference of the generic coffee from the seeds of the coffee plant from those of the alternatives is that it has a good amount of caffeine content. The similarity you can find in the alternatives and those of the original is that seeds contain carbohydrates which cause the aroma in roasted coffee. Ampalaya, on the other hand, is a crawling vine that grows mostly on tropical countries like the Philippines. It is said to be rich in iron, potassium, beta-carotene and other nutrients. It is also famous in treating diabetes because of its properties like polypeptide-P; a plant insulin that can lower blood sugar levels. Many researches on agricultural food chemistry convey that it provides nutritionally significant amounts of nutrients, minerals and amino acids that are needed for life. B. Objectives of the study B1. General Objectives 1. To determine if the ampalaya seeds have considerable characteristics of the products in terms of color, aroma, taste, and acidity. B2. Specific Objectives 1. To produce coffee using ampalaya seeds as the main ingredient. 2. To determine and compare the levels of acceptability of the coffee samples. C. Hypotheses NULL 1. There is no significant difference among the different ampalaya coffee samples developed in terms of their color, aroma, and taste. ALTERNATIVE 1. There is no significant difference among the different ampalaya coffee samples developed in terms of their acceptability. D. Significance of the study Momordica Charantia or ampalaya seeds contain iron and folic acid which are essential for the production of the red blood cells and the formulation of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Coffee is usually drunk hot, black or with cream and sugar and also drunk cold as iced coffee, specially summer. People are used of drinking coffee every morning to warmth their body and at night to avoid being sleepy. But coffee contains a stimulant called caffeine. The result of this will determine if the coffee made from ampalaya seeds can be use as a substitute for the commercial coffee. This study aimed to produce coffee using ampalaya seeds as substitute. The study was important because ampalaya is abundant in the Philippines. The product may be an anti-diabetes coffee but it is not the main concern of the study. Everybody can benefit of the result of the study unless a coffee drinker. It would recycle the ampalaya seeds instead of being thrown away which a lot of people consider it as waste. E. Scope and limitation The proposed study was limited to producing coffee out of ampalaya (Momordica charantia Linn. ) seeds. Three samples were prepared with different ampalaya seed concentration and same amount of water for comparison purposes in which one of the samples was pure commercial coffee. The samples were processed by the basic methods of making coffee: roasting, grinding, and brewing.

Spanish Influenza essays

Spanish Influenza essays Influenza is and acute infectious and Contagious disease sometimes becoming Pandemic. It is characterized by an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Epidemics of this disease have been recorded as early as 1510. The Influenza pandemic of 1918 killed 600,000 people in the United States and more than 25 million people worldwide. It was called the Spanish flu because of a large outbreak of the disease that occurred in Spain in 1918. The origin of this influenza variation is not exactly known it is thought to have begun in china in a rare genetic variation of the influenza virus. The virus however may have originated among US soldiers in Kansas; about 500 men there were infected among 48 were listed as having pneumonia. Those who survived the epidemic carried the disease to Europe where in the summer of 1918 over one and one half million U.S. soldiers were sent to fight in the First World War. Whatever its origin by September 1918 the virus had spread to the civilian population of America It first reached epidemic proportions in Boston and then spread to New York, Philadelphia and beyond. In July 1918 Philadelphias Bureau of public health has issued a statement about Spanish Influenza. But health officials had not listed influenza as a reportable disease this denial of the danger of what was happening lead to people taking foolish risk. On September 28, 1918 a 4th Liberty Loan Drive parade was attended by 200,000 people and since Influenza is spread by breathing within days of the parade 635 new cases of the virus were reported and on October 6 289 people died. Most of the cities doctors and nurses were in Europe to support US involvement on the war there. Many people in Philadelphia died because they did not get proper medical treatment. The City sent out open trucks called death wagons to pick up corpse from wooden boxes on front porche ...

Writing a Short Story

Writing a Short Story A short story is considered one that is five thousand words or less. When creating a short story, a writer will describe as much detail as possible within a limited number of words and action. Often these objects or actions become symbolic which evokes thought on the reader’s part. In addition, it has to get off to a very fast start which means you have to grab the reader’s attention in the first paragraph. This is no time for boring drawn out sentences. Every sentence has to have a punch to it, be able to signify multiple meanings or descriptions. Use a limited number of characters. There isn’t time to go into length, so limit your story to three or four. Use just a few characters and magnify them, make them larger than life. Make the story’s beginning as close to the climax as possible, for example: make the short story about an event just before the conclusion. Don’t drag in a year’s worth of problems. Short stories usually have some sort of meaning behind them. Know what this meaning is and develop the characters and setting around it to emphasize that point. Limit the story to a brief period in time usually covering only a couple of scenes leading up to the major event. Remember, every word and action you write has to point towards the meaning and conclusion. If a word seems awkward or out of place, delete it and replace it with another or change the whole sentence around. A short story has no room for unnecessary words. Develop your characters so that you know them intimately. You may never use all those details in your short story but you’ll be able to convey their character more effectively if you make it a point to know everything about them. Show their personality traits by including possible habits or movements. Describe a nervous woman by having her chew on her fingernails which were short and ragged. By limiting the number of characters you have in the story, you’ll be able to make it a meaningful story that conveys its message effectively. Know what scenes you will use in the plot and outline them carefully to make them flow into one another effortlessly. Use a limited number of scenes but make an impact with each of them. Remember to use every single opportunity to create symbolism towards the story’s main goal. When you begin writing the short story, it’s best to start with a sentence that’s packed with action and promise. Since it’s so short, the characters and setting needs to be introduced right away and the beginning of the plot revealed. Pull the reader along by filling their senses with vivid images that become alive in their minds. Explain situations and describe settings by using dialogue and action. As soon as you start the story, you should be going straight to the top where the climax explodes. No digressions along the way or you’ll lose the reader. Writing a short story requires a precision in planning the whole outline. There can be no wandering or musings. The story has to start with a bang and every single word used in the short story has to be able to convey symbolism or perform multiple tasks. Dialogue can be used to show the setting as well as a person’s character all at the same time. Above all, it needs to flow easily and quickly, carrying the reader from the beginning to end.

Cord vs. Chord

Cord vs. Chord Cord vs. Chord Cord vs. Chord By Maeve Maddox Latin chorda referred to catgut used to make the strings of a musical instrument. Chorda entered French with the spelling corde and the meaning â€Å"string for a musical instrument.† English took the word from French, but eventually dropped the e and spelled it cord. In English, cord came to mean different kinds of string or rope. The earliest illustration in the OED (1305) shows that â€Å"a cord† could be used to bind a person hand and foot; by 1330, cord could refer to the hangman’s rope. In modern usage, cord is string composed of several strands twisted or woven together. By cord, modern speakers usually mean a light rope–the kind used for a clothesline–or a thick string–the sort used to wrap a parcel for mailing. In earlier usage, cord could refer to the ropes of a ship. The OED shows that cord was used as a medical term for a body part that resembles a string, for example, a ligament. The homophones cord and chord are often confused–with good reason. As most of the readers of DWT know by now, some of our oddest spellings were born in the 16th century thanks to helpful grammarians who wanted to â€Å"restore† Latin spellings that weren’t missing. My favorite example is the alteration of the perfectly practical English spelling dette (â€Å"something owed†) to debt, to make it â€Å"accord† with Latin debitum. The 16th century tinkerers decided that the spelling chord should replace cord because that was closer to Latin chorda. For a time, medical writers wrote about â€Å"spermatic chords,† â€Å"spinal chords,† and â€Å"umbilical chords,† but modern medical usage prefers the spelling cord. For a time, the spelling cord was also applied to the musical term that meant â€Å"agreement of musical sounds,† or â€Å"a combination of three or more simultaneous notes according the rules of musical harmony.† The musical term was spelled cord for a very good reason: it was a clipping of the word accord, a verb meaning â€Å"to bring into agreement.† Musical â€Å"cords† were sounds that agreed. As it turns out, having different spellings for each term is quite useful. The current usage is: cord: string chord: agreement of musical sounds Unfortunately, some speakers get mixed up when it comes to the anatomical term â€Å"vocal cords†: Do you want to strengthen your weak vocal chords, so you can become an amazing singer? How to Keep Your Vocal Chords in Good Condition Although used to sing, vocal cords are not spelled â€Å"vocal chords.† I’ve two more factoids to share before leaving the fascinating subject of cord: The smokeless explosive called cordite got its name from its â€Å"curiously string-like appearance.† A quantity of wood is called a cord because it was originally measured with a string. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Confusing "Passed" with "Past"How Many Sentences in a Paragraph?

READING ASSIGNMENT(2 QUESTIONS) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

READING (2 QUESTIONS) - Assignment Example The organization has a vision of equality and justice. During the last three decades the work done by the organization has help battle social problems of women including equal credit opportunity, educational equity, women’s HIV/AIDS epidemic, and access to health care to low income women (Centerwomenpolicy). The Center has a great reputation due to the quality of their social work. In the House in Mango Street novel illustrated a minority family had progressed by moving to a better apartment. Organizations such as the Center of Women Policy Center have been fighting to improve the quality of life of women across the world. The programs developed by the Center for Women Policy consider the combined effect of factors and variables such as gender, race, ethnicity, class, age, and disability (Centerwomenpolicy). The work done by this organization has empowered women in America and across the world. A successful program the organization implemented to promote women’s health is the state policy on reproductive rights and health. The health and well being of women is a factor that has improved over the years. The feminist movement of the 1970’s increased the participation of women in the workplace. As a consequence women nowadays suffer from more work related diseases than in the past. One of those diseases is hypertension. Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease. Today’s women are expected to have a job while at the same time raising a family. African-American women are more susceptible to catching hypertension than women of other races. HIV/AIDS is an epidemic that is affects the women population. The symptoms associated with this disease are not as clear cut in women which makes it harder to diagnose the disease than in men. The racial profile of the women is a factor that determines the risk of catching the disease. In 2005 among the HIV/AIDS women population 64% were

Beneficial usage of flat tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beneficial usage of flat tax - Essay Example If the tax burden is redistributed, some people will pay more and some will pay less under the new flat tax system. This paper will discuss the benefits of going to a flat tax system, and examine the implications for taxpayers, businesses, and the government. The most often cited benefit to a flat tax would be to simplify the current code. The current tax code and amendments is over 16,000 pages long, takes up over 20 volumes, and costs in excess of $1100 to purchase (Greenberg). Nearly every source of income or deduction has a special attachment and entails complex complications that require the intervention of a certified tax accountant. The flat tax would simply place a given percentage of tax on all personal and business income. There would be a single exemption, and no deductions for things such as mortgage interest or charitable donations. For example, every family would get a $20,000 exemption and pay a 15 percent tax on all income in excess of $20,000. While there are some flat tax schemes that tax spending rather than income, this paper will focus on the flat tax on income. A single exemption flat tax on income is the most simplified form of taxation available. In addition to the simplicity that a flat tax would have, it would also be more fair. A flat tax would have no penalties for capital gains, savings, old capital, and pension incomes (Gale 43). Under the flat tax system, no one gets preferential treatment and there are no special provisions for individuals or specific businesses. In addition, "The low, flat rate solves the problem of high marginal tax rates by reducing penalties against productive behavior, such as work, risk taking, and entrepreneurship" (Mitchell). Everyone, without exception, would pay the same rate of taxes on their income. Because the flat tax is so simple to implement and calculate, there would be substantial savings for businesses, individuals, and the government. Businesses would no longer be subject to the

Engineering managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineering managment - Essay Example It also facilitates growth of the company’s telecommunication and financial services. Moreover, data mining has improved in Luscombe’s period and customers’ buying habits are better examined to customize the organizational policies according to them. There has occurred a general improvement in the standards of the store. Weaknesses: In the 8 year reign in which Corbett served as the CEO of Woolworths and his policies resulted into the increase in the returns of shareholders by 300 per cent. On the contrary, the policies implemented by Luscombe since 2006 have increased the return of shareholders by no more than 40 per cent in the whole 5 years. Thus, the competition is between 8 years and 5 years of governance, and 300 per cent and 40 per cent of increase on the return. This clearly speaks of the fact that the strategies implemented by Corbett as a CEO were more conducive for the increase in shareholders’ return as compared to those of Luscombe. Although t he organization has overall remained in profitability in Luscombe’s period, yet much of this can be attributed to the long term effects of the rational policies of Corbett instead of the policies adopted by Luscombe. Opportunities: Woolworths has conventionally managed to attract a large volume of talented young candidates for employment. Woolworths provides its workforce with training over a vast range of disciplines in order to improve their competence and inculcate sound management skills in them. It is the very training that is one of the cardinal reasons of success of Luscombe in his management of the company. Luscombe has served in Woolworths for 28 years, in which he received training and polished his skills on various levels as a manager. On job training is one of the most attracting characteristics of an organizational culture for the employees because they avail it as an opportunity to enhance their skills and become an asset for the organization. Having received th e training, they feel their skills improved, which offers them a feeling of assurance that their job is secure. They know they are better positioned to fulfill the needs of a particular business and hence, have both job satisfaction and job security. Threats: Corbett had maintained a culture in which all employees made their best effort to enhance the company’s profits and reduce the costs. However, Luscombe does not approve of the fact that employees work for as many as 12 hrs and sometimes even more than that. He thinks that the staff is putting in unnecessary effort to make the business profitable. Luscombe needs to realize that it is the same work pattern that had increased the return on shareholders’ investment by 300 per cent and that had doubled the revenues to $ 36 billion. The rate of increase in the return of shareholders’ investment has already decreased more than 3 times what it was in Corbett’s period. The current strategy of Woolworths: Curr ently, Luscombe is the CEO of the company. Luscombe is a very open and easily approachable kind of CEO. He has maintained very open relations with the senior management as well as the staff of the company. His attitude with the company staff is quite friendly, and he encourages team work. During his reign, all of the personnel of the company have united as a strong team. The staff is making all efforts to comply with the instructions of Luscombe. Their compliance has recently caused the

Langston Hughes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Langston Hughes - Essay Example Langston's sensitive nature was also responsible paradoxically in reinforcing his sense of separateness as a Negro. He acknowledged his race to be clearly an advantage, which gained him fame and recognition not only among his peers but also among those towards whom he was subjected towards color sensitivity, as it was his color that acknowledged and helped him in seeking his own identity in revealing the black experience. Langston Hughes was aware of the fact that being a black, his race would never be granted permission to gain access in participating in any effort towards America. He wanted the blacks to awake from the long sleep and start making the dream of their homeland a reality, although it was the dream which according to Langston was converted into a nightmare for Southern blacks, he aimed at rehabilitating that nightmare again into an American dream. No doubt Langston Hughes was among one of those renaissance writers who produced little work on Harlem, but whatever they produced, the work emerged as a magnum opus in the Harlem Renaissance history and produced a true Harlem color. Langston Hughes, the Harlem writer was especially adept at portraying New York's ghetto life concerning about people, culture and religion. What he experienced during the renaissance enabled him to portray the true face of white Americans and in the form of words he described it. Langston's work about Harlem reveal his versatility as wh... ons African Americans had to face regarding social and economic factors of Harlem, he found a ready market among some blacks who wanted to read about life in the black metropolis on one hand, while on the other he was aware of those whites who were attracted to the exotic, strange, and colorful rhythms of 'nigger heaven'". (Wintz, 1988, p. 45) Harlem, though, was more than a playground for white Manhattan, for Africans it was more than a battle. A battle conducted not to loose, but to win and make whites acknowledge their identities as African Americans. "It was a teeming, overcrowded ghetto, and much of its laughter and gaiety only thinly veiled the misery and poverty that was becoming the standard of life for the new black urban masses. This, too, was reflected by the Harlem Renaissance, viewed from the perspective of Langston". (Wintz, 1988, p. 46) "Langston portrayed the outbreak of World War I as the only means, which intensified racial conflicts in America. He was aware of the sacrifices given by every single African of America and realized the importance of African traditional people in supporting America's war, with a hope that their efforts would display one day a result of loyalty and battlefield gallantry to win them popular support in their quest for equality". (Rampersad, 2002, p. 54) Langston encouraged their efforts to participate fully in their country's battles; blacks have traditionally confronted a government reluctant to accept their services. During World War I the already existing racial strife intensified these problems. Some poets saw Harlem slightly different as compared to other poets of Renaissance in a sense that unlike many would be black writers; Langston Hughes was strongly drawn to the black people of Harlem, which won the hearts of

Discuss the social and health needs of prisoner in the UK and why Essay

Discuss the social and health needs of prisoner in the UK and why these needs are of relevance to the wider community - Essay Example However as the population of prisoners increase by day, the conditions surrounding the imprisoned in the country have deteriorated. There is a need for better health care in prisons and for an improvement in the prisoners’ general life inside bars. The National Health Service for example has recently got the mandate to look into matters of health care for prisoners taking over this duty from the prison service (Williamson 2006). This is a good call since there is admittedly a need to look into social and health issues of the prisoners. This paper will discuss the social and health needs of the prisoners in the United Kingdom and the reasons as to why the needs are relevant to the wider community. There is a wide spread concern that the rules and regimes of the prison environment could have detrimental impacts on the mental health of the prisoners and especially those with mental illnesses already. It is also well documented that the incidences of psychiatric morbidity and subs tance abuse is higher among the prisoners than the general public. Thus with the growing population, there are now more people with mental illnesses in the prisons than ever before (Harris, Hek and Condon 2007). The overcrowding, separation from family and friends, loss of autonomy and boredom are potentially detrimental to the mental stability of the prisoners. There is therefore a need to improve the state of mental healthcare so as to get to the main of objectives of the prisons to be anti-therapeutic environments. There is a need to really care for the prisoners from reception through to discharge mentally so as to improve their perceptions in the quality of their lives. The staff administering mental healthcare inside the prisons should have extra training to identify the prisoners who need extra support, those with history of mental illness and those who will be on remand for a long time (Brooker 2009). The population of the prisons in England and Wales has doubled in the last 20 years thus making the prisons to overcrowd. Overcrowding is the state where a prison contains more prisoners than the establishment’s CNA (Certified Normal Accommodation). THE United Kingdom has the highest percentage of overcrowding in Europe. The overcrowding leads to enormous burdens on the staff making it difficult to offer adequate resources to the offenders. This exacerbates tension and frustration levels by prisoners leading to higher risks of violence. This leaves prisoners under the danger of being hurt or killed. It also deteriorates the living conditions where inmates eat, sleep and even defecate in the cell, like in the case of Bedford, a condition which leaves them to the danger of infections. The overcrowding also denies some prisoners the access to education, training and work. This is because there is a high demand due to the high population. Overcrowding also brings difficulties in mental, drug and alcohol abuse treatment services. It is also expensive an d increases the risk of a prisoner to committing crimes after release due to the above inconveniences (Singleton et al 1998). Some of the prisoners are fathers and mothers. This means that they are forced to combine serving their sentences and parenting. Their families therefore need support from the society and the administration. Their kids are especially at risks of experiencing poverty, mental illnesses, poor housing and more negative incomes. Most children with parents in prison will most likely go on to offend. There are also the

Federal Reserve and the Open Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Federal Reserve and the Open Market - Essay Example tions in the economy in pursuit of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates; (2) supervising and regulating banking institutions to ensure the safety and soundness of the nation’s banking and financial system and to protect the credit rights of consumers; (3) maintaining the stability of the financial system and containing systemic risk that may arise in financial markets; and (4) providing financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions, including playing a major role in operating the nation’s payments system (Federal Reserve, 2006). It is important to note that the Fed is not a commercial bank and, therefore, does not operate as such. However, similar to any other bank that has interest as their primary source of income, "the Federal Reserves income is derived primarily from the interest on U.S. government securities that it has acquired through open market operations" (Federal Reserve, 2006). Other sources of income, according to the Feds official website, are the following: interest on foreign currency investments held by the System; fees received for services provided to depository institutions, such as check clearing, funds transfers, and automated clearinghouse operations; and interest on loans to depository institutions. The Federal Reserve System is separated into four main divisions, each with their own set of responsibilities: the Board of Governors, the Federal Open Market Committee, the Federal Reserve Banks, and the Board of Directors. The Board of Governors, which consists of seven members, is mostly responsible for "the formulation of monetary policy" (Federal Reserve, 2006). These seven are also part of the Federal Open Market Committee, which is responsible, on the other hand, for any decision-making regarding "the cost and availability of money and credit in the economy" (Federal Reserve, 2006). The Federal Open Market Committee "is the most important

Discuss the social and health needs of prisoner in the UK and why Essay

Discuss the social and health needs of prisoner in the UK and why these needs are of relevance to the wider community - Essay Example However as the population of prisoners increase by day, the conditions surrounding the imprisoned in the country have deteriorated. There is a need for better health care in prisons and for an improvement in the prisoners’ general life inside bars. The National Health Service for example has recently got the mandate to look into matters of health care for prisoners taking over this duty from the prison service (Williamson 2006). This is a good call since there is admittedly a need to look into social and health issues of the prisoners. This paper will discuss the social and health needs of the prisoners in the United Kingdom and the reasons as to why the needs are relevant to the wider community. There is a wide spread concern that the rules and regimes of the prison environment could have detrimental impacts on the mental health of the prisoners and especially those with mental illnesses already. It is also well documented that the incidences of psychiatric morbidity and subs tance abuse is higher among the prisoners than the general public. Thus with the growing population, there are now more people with mental illnesses in the prisons than ever before (Harris, Hek and Condon 2007). The overcrowding, separation from family and friends, loss of autonomy and boredom are potentially detrimental to the mental stability of the prisoners. There is therefore a need to improve the state of mental healthcare so as to get to the main of objectives of the prisons to be anti-therapeutic environments. There is a need to really care for the prisoners from reception through to discharge mentally so as to improve their perceptions in the quality of their lives. The staff administering mental healthcare inside the prisons should have extra training to identify the prisoners who need extra support, those with history of mental illness and those who will be on remand for a long time (Brooker 2009). The population of the prisons in England and Wales has doubled in the last 20 years thus making the prisons to overcrowd. Overcrowding is the state where a prison contains more prisoners than the establishment’s CNA (Certified Normal Accommodation). THE United Kingdom has the highest percentage of overcrowding in Europe. The overcrowding leads to enormous burdens on the staff making it difficult to offer adequate resources to the offenders. This exacerbates tension and frustration levels by prisoners leading to higher risks of violence. This leaves prisoners under the danger of being hurt or killed. It also deteriorates the living conditions where inmates eat, sleep and even defecate in the cell, like in the case of Bedford, a condition which leaves them to the danger of infections. The overcrowding also denies some prisoners the access to education, training and work. This is because there is a high demand due to the high population. Overcrowding also brings difficulties in mental, drug and alcohol abuse treatment services. It is also expensive an d increases the risk of a prisoner to committing crimes after release due to the above inconveniences (Singleton et al 1998). Some of the prisoners are fathers and mothers. This means that they are forced to combine serving their sentences and parenting. Their families therefore need support from the society and the administration. Their kids are especially at risks of experiencing poverty, mental illnesses, poor housing and more negative incomes. Most children with parents in prison will most likely go on to offend. There are also the

Causes of a Problem of Haier Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Causes of a Problem of Haier - Essay Example These systems were very successful regarding the Chinese culture of management but since the company wants to increase its global installed base there is a question on how it is going to achieve it by following the same human resource management practices. These are the following: increase of employee internal competition by implementing an internal ranking of employees. Employees are judged by all performance dimensions and they have to complete their tasks the same day and have continuous self-assessments. Each employee is almost an independent profit center so entrepreneurship is developed. Managers are also continuously appraised like employees and both are given chances to improve their performance by providing abundant training. A talent pool inside the company is also created. Haier has followed a product diversification strategy i.e. it has expanded to 86 different product categories. It is doubtful if Haier can pursue the same following strategy since product expansion requires heavy investment. Then the second part of its strategy was product innovation to niche markets i.e. developing products for specific market segments. Under careful consideration, this is a strategy that can be pursued at the current moment. Globalization which is the third component of the strategy is expanding to other countries in all aspects i.e. production, alliances etc. Globalization can also be limited for the time being since it requires heavy financial investment when it comes to building new factory sites that can be quite risky at this period of time. Globalization demands also understanding foreign cultures so it requires further research on this issue. The fourth component was marketing initiatives that emphasized product quality and market research.

Compare and Contrast Television Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast Television Essay There are so many TV’s to choose from now days it is so hard to pick the right one. Maybe this guide will help you out. The first color TV was introduced into the world in the year of 1966. It has taken 25 yrs for a mass acceptance. In today’s society majority of the homes have the up to date television. The newer versions of TV’S are a better choice to make when picking out a TV. Here are list of some web sites for you to look at before buying any TV’s. http://shop. panasonic. com, www. bestbuy. com, www. rca. com. Television sets in the early nineties were pretty cool then even though a TV had a price tag of: $750 for a 1997 28 inch Samsung. The graphic was ok but still needed so much work on it to make it clearer. The other thing about the TV’s back then is it’s bulky and not to mention heavy. There are great advantages to having a TV in the 90’s. You can hook up RCA jacks to use a DVD player or video games. People in the 90’s gave someone a new TV for a gift for Christmas or birthday or even a graduation present. In the year of 2012 there are so many ways to see the world of televisions. One of the ways is through the TV set of Panasonic VIERA HDTV. One plus is that they have a new sleek and thin look to them not to mention the price tag of more or less than $2,999. 99. New up to date Graphics are so exciting. There are taking the original 2D and turning it into 3D eye popping full high definition. Smart phones in the last 5 years and now for the year of 2012 there is a smart TV out there called : SMART VIERAÂ ® 55 Class WT50 Series Full HD 3D LED HDTV (54. 6 Diag. ). These TV’s still have some of the basics that are on TV. You can still plug RCA jacks and also hook up cables for game playing. You can also give these TV’s as Christmas, birthday, wedding, or even a graduation present. Knowing these facts about televisions you should have enough confidence to go out and buy a new TV. Even go to a goodwill store and get a good used TV there. If you were to go out and buy a new one you should get a newer model like the new 2012 models so you can get the most up to date technology. With the older TV’s being obsolete due to the technology in the year 2012. The pawn shops don’t even take them . with them being older than the year 2001. TV’s are like cars they are always changing over a year’s time. There are so many TV’s to choose from now days it is so hard to pick the right one. You just have to keep looking for the right information for your own needs not everyone has the same needs that is also why there is so many models of TV’S. The way the technology is increasing and moving forward in this short amount of time make you wonder how the next 20 years of technology is going towards.

To Autumn, Autumn and October Dawn that each of the poets has different

To Autumn, Autumn and October Dawn that each of the poets has different opinions and feelings on Autumn and they also interpret Autumn in their poems in different ways too. The three poets John Keats, John Clare and Ted Hughes Compare the presentation of Autumn in the three poems We see after reading the poems: ‘To Autumn’, ‘Autumn’ and ‘October Dawn’ that each of the poets has different opinions and feelings on Autumn and they also interpret Autumn in their poems in different ways too. The three poets John Keats, John Clare and Ted Hughes write about the season with admiration and its beauty. All of the poets mentioned above led amazing and bizarre lives living on the edge of brilliance and insanity. With John Keats and John Clare both experiencing breakdowns and having their lives turned upside down and Ted Hughes having troubled marriages, the three of them still managed to come through and write such great and fantastic poems which have become so popular and are still around today. We also see that all the poets had a connection or fascination with the country and although John Keats was the only one who didn’t live in the country but he was still able to write great poems on wildlife and the seasons and the countryside. In all three of the poems weather is a key part in all of the poems and is stated often. In the poem ‘To Autumn’ the sun is mentioned as a ‘close bosom-friend of the maturing sun’ by this I believe he is saying that the sun and autumn work together to make it look beautiful and grow all the fruit to perfection. John Keats mentions a lot about the wind in his poem and says ‘thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind’ I think this means that the wind is gentle and it lightly ... ... it leaves it with a way of a cliff-hanger but I believe the poet has wrote that ending line because he is a optimistic person because at the start of the poem, Ted Hughes says a glass of wine which was left out was ‘half full’ suggesting he is an optimistic person and believes that the earth and the wildlife and all the greens will survive through the cold. In the poems ‘to autumn’ and ‘autumn’ they both are similar as they put life and energy into their poems and they also go into more detail about the weather and the surroundings and animals. In the two poems just mentioned they just describe how beautiful Autumn is but in ‘October dawn’ the poet Ted Hughes mentions how October which is the one of the months when Autumn is and he says it is beautiful but it has its downside as it is a danger and threat to greenery and is a fight until autumn is over.

Vegetarians: Selecting Healthy Nutritional Choices Essays -- Healthy L

Introduction A group of three female friends who are living off campus have approached us to discuss how to have better eating habits but within the limits of their budget. This will require an in depth assessment of the individuals which considers several factors. Once we have a baseline it is key to develop a nursing diagnosis that encompasses the issue at hand. Once that is done a plan can be put into place, involving the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning styles. Assessment First a baseline assessment will be done concerning the clients. There are several identifying factors that may affect our client’s ability to learn and this will need to be discussed first. Typically younger adults exhibit ignorance and are still learning about the world. In this instance these girls may not be used to cooking for themselves, as they are still fresh to the idea of living away from home. They may not be used to buying food for themselves being unaware of the monetary value of food. This is especially the case if they have moved from a far area from accessible food. They will probably require time to individually learn and be informed to learn about their health problems. Also, being in college comes with many responsibilities, which can affect their emotional capability. For example, they may be feeling overwhelmed with the course load from school which in result causes them to focus less on their nutrition. Having a busy schedule leads to having less time for meal preparation, causing them to consume the most convenient meal option. An example of this would be Mr. Noodles or MacDonald’s, which are not necessarily the healthiest options. Since they are in college we have confidence that their cognition and reading level ... ...being able to find healthy nutritional choices is hard enough and adding in a tough budget while living in unfavourable circumstance makes it nearly impossible. By being proactive the three students will be able to overcome this challenge. The use of the health care system will help them gain more resources and knowledge of how to be self-sufficient in a dietary context. If the clients fulfill the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor objectives and goals it is believed that the clients will be successful in acquiring healthy habits and eating healthier within a budget. Works Cited Eating well with Canada’s Food Guide – Main Page – Health Canada. (2011, September 1). Retrieved November 22, 2013, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/food-guide-aliment/index-eng.php Perry, A., & Potter, P. (2013). Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing. (5th ed.). Toronto: Elsevier.

Negotiations and Alternate Dispute Mechanism

Alternative Dispute resolution encompasses distinct forms of dispute resolution through arbitration and mediation. Arbitration is a method of dispute resolution involving one or more neutral third parties who are usually agreed to by disputing parties and whose decision is binding.[1] Arbitration generally proceeds in a similar fashion to that of the court with opening statements, the presentation of witnesses and evidence, cross-examination, and closing arguments. Arbitrators then decide cases based on the evidence, and their decision is final binding on the parties. Mediation on the other hand is an informal dispute process in which the third party – the mediator helps disputing parties to reach an agreement. A mediator, unlike the arbitrator, has no power to impose his decisions on the parties. Therefore, the mediator’s role is to bring the parties closer together through discussions of weaknesses in the case for both sides, in an effort to convince each to settle the dispute. Arbitration and mediation are voluntary mechanisms- that is the parties are only required to mediate or arbitrate if they agree to do so. The absence of such an agreement will see the parties go to the court of law; therefore the parties in contention cannot be hauled into private mediation and arbitration against their will. It is at the disposal of the parties to decide how they will go about to do it. Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms have advantageous such that they are cheaper and quicker than court proceeding and permit parties to resolve their differences more efficiently. Studies have shown that arbitration proceedings in the employment discrimination area to take an average of 8.6 months to be resolved, whereas the average court cases involving alleged employment discrimination takes almost two years.[2] This has seen businesses and employees placing mediation and arbitration in the employment contracts or agreements thus discrimination conflicts can be solved amicably without going to the court of law. Arbitration Arbitration proceedings are like informal court proceedings. They take place in conference room and not in the courtrooms at date scheduled by the parties. In African traditional setting arbitration proceedings take place under a tree called a baraza[3]. Generally during the proceedings of the arbitration the parties select a particular rule to apply to the arbitration and are free to modify such rules by agreement. The reason parties prefer arbitrations to court is because they are more streamlined and friendly. Discoveries in arbitrations tend to be less comprehensive and persistent, with arbitrators frequently imposing limits on the number of depositions each party can take. The arbitrators equally understand that the parties select arbitration in part to avoid the cost of court proceeding and issue rulings considering these goals. While arbitrators make evidentiary rulings and can bar evidence and testimony they deem improper, arbitration rules generally shun strict compliance with rules of evidence.[4]   In conforming to the informal nature of the Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms, the arbitrators generally make mistake on the side of admitting all the evidence and when they are weight to particular testimony and exhibits. Therefore due to the informal nature the arbitration process give a loophole for some biasness in the process of making decision among the arbitrators. Unless parties’ arbitration provides otherwise, arbitrators generally are chosen with the help of designated arbitration organization. The process entails the organization submitting names of the arbitrators to the parties then the parties will strike the names they consider lowly ranked. The highly ranked names by the parties will be then asked to arbitrate the dispute. Various formats of arbitration can be highlighted in this sense. Most traditional is for a single arbitrator to act as the judge of the case, that is, to preside over trial and then issue a ruling based on the evidence. This varies slightly from the use of panel of arbitrators –rather than a single arbitrator- to hear a dispute. A single arbitrator handles small to medium-sized disputes, with a panel of arbitrators used to solve more complicated disagreements. Sometimes parties can decide the number of arbitrators they want in resolving their dispute. Parties can also select other forms for arbitrating dispute. For instance, parties can use â€Å"baseball-style† of arbitration where the one party, which table its proposal for example of a salary to a panel of arbitrators and the employer for example, tables his/ her proposal too.[5] Then the arbitrators go through each party’s proposal and come up with an amicable figure or solution to the dispute. This is a case where the winner takes it all since the arbitrators do not have the ability to split their decision but to choose one side’s proposal. This kind of scenario is equally done in business settings where each party endeavors to offer the best possible offer, as the more aggressive a party’s submission, the less likely it is to be chosen by the arbitrator. Another variation from traditional arbitration is the so-called â€Å"Party arbitrators†. This is contrary to the traditional arbitrators who are unbiased and must be free of conflict of interest. Parties’ arbitrators are not neutral and instead are appointed by one of the parties. In this case each party appoints its arbitrator to join a third neutral arbitrator who serves as the chairperson of the panel. This can be depicted in sport disputes, which handle players’ grievances, for example. This form of arbitration is also common in boarder labor environment, with a union and management each appointing its own chosen representative to join a neutral chairperson. Party arbitrators complicate the process of reaching an amicable solution to a problem because the representatives of the parties of course support the position of the parties that appointed them. Some even go ahead and act  Ã‚   as advocates by questioning witnesses. In this effect, arbitrations involving party arbitrators tend to hinge on the vote of the lone neutral arbitrator, with the two party arbitrators generally ruling in favor of the party that appointed them. Mediation Mediation, on the other hand, entails the effort of a single and neutral party- the mediator- to act as an intermediary between parties to help them resolve disputes. Most of the mediation proceedings are nonbonding with the mediator having no authority to compel the parties to reach a resolution. In this sense the mediator considers each parties point of view and their reasons in the light of settling the dispute. This therefore is a case where a skillful and a man of high integrity can act as a broker between the parties and help each party to see the case from a neutral perspective. The mediator can save the parties time and money by pushing them to accomplish their resolution in a day what would have taken weeks and months. Mediation comes in various facets. One form of mediation is the facilitative mediation. In this form the mediator uses the best efforts to convince each side the reasons to settle. The mediator does this by highlighting the weakness of its case, the strengths in its adversary’s case, the cost of litigation, the downside risk of not prevailing, and any other factors that the mediator believes the parties should focus on in properly assessing the case. A good mediator- by the fact that he/she is respected by both the parties- can be suited to soften each side’s position. He can ascertain the strongest and weakest points in each side’s case and may be able to advance each side’s position with the opposing party. Facilitative mediation sessions begin in a conference room where the mediator and the all parties are present. Each parties counsel is given an opportunity to make an opening statement in support of its case (the party’s case). After this opening statement, the parties break into different rooms, separately meeting with the mediator who shuttle back and forth to bring the parties closer. The mediator tries to convince the defendant when he is in the defendant’s room and give him the reasons for not pursing further the case. The mediator also brings out the expenses that the two parties will incur in the process of fighting in the case. He shows how difficult it would to prove her case. In facilitative mediation the mediator does not formally evaluate the case or promote any particular settlement. His goal is to find areas of potential compromise between the parties, and creatively search for a resolution acceptable to each party. On the other hand evaluative mediation, the mediator does not only facilitate the discussions between the parties but also evaluates the claims in the issue. The mediator in this examines the case, by looking at the pleadings and damages modes and arrives at specific recommended settlement- based on his assessment of the likely result of the prospective trial. Even if this does not lead to  Ã‚   an immediate settlement, it may focus on the parties on middle ground and form the starting point for negotiations in the ensuing days. As in the case of facilitative mediation the mediator ought to be a person of integrity in the society if not so no party will accept his judgment thus making the whole exercise to be in futility. There is also the kind of mediation referred to as binding mediation. This is where the mediator not only evaluates the parties but also ultimately imposes a settlement on the parties. This method is less prevalent since it the mediator takes the position similar to the judge at the law court. Parties prefer to discuss through their dispute but not to trust third parties. So instead of taking this form of mediation, parties just decide to go for full-blown trial. In preparation of mediation sessions, as an initial matter the selection of the mediator is very important. In most instances it is the parties that select the mediators. It is important to choose a mediator respected not only by one side but the two sides.   The goal of the of mediation is to use the mediator as an instrument to prod the other side to settle on favorable terms, and only a respected mediator   is likely to have that ability. In the preparation of mediation process the parties concerned have to prepare and submit confidential mediation statement in support of their position in the case. The statements are confidential and only accessible to the mediator and not to the other party. They are meant to orient the mediator in the case so that he can be a more effective intermediary.   The mediators’ objective is to reach settlement- and not to reach the result he believes is most equity- and he is mostly likely to succeed if he knows in advance what potholes to avoid. Negotiations In the endeavor to negotiate effectively, negotiators require a thorough knowledge of client’s case. They also have to know their clients priorities with the respect to the item in dispute. Negotiations require tact and skills, the understanding of the personalities and interests at play, and the trust and respect of the other side. The main mistake in negotiating is to be caught in a bluff, threatening to take certain action then not following through. Once this happens, it diminishes the opposing side’s trust in the counsel and makes favorable settlement far more difficult settlement far more difficult to achieve going forward. Negotiations sometimes can be long so synchronizing the negotiations is paramount for the success of the processes.[6] Generally, a claimant will make a demand before ever initiating alternative dispute response mechanism; it is the respondent’s rejection of this demand that leads to arbitration. Most arbitration organizations offer voluntary mediation to the parties and arbitrators. Thus effective counsel advocates never fully  Ã‚   give up on the possibility of settlement, even if a negotiation resolution does not seem realistic in the near term.   Effective negotiations require careful preparation by counsel. The main element of negotiations is to accurately express a client’s view of the case and properly set opposing counsel’s expectations. None of the mechanisms of resolving disputes –arbitration, mediation or private negotiation are exclusive and independent on their own. Therefore none can work without the backing of the other. If for instance a counsel is doing her job properly, she is not just focused on arbitrating or just on negotiating; rather, she is at all time considering the best and most efficient way to get her client form the point of dispute to a satisfactory resolution. If the counsel feels that there is another good mediator who will help to bridge the gap between the parties then she should steer the case toward mediation. Works Cited Lewis, Maltby. Private Justice: Employment Arbitration and Civil Rights, 30 COLUM.HUM.REV.29, 55 (1998) Wax, Robert. Staying Out of Court: Using Alternative Dispute Resolution Can Save Time and Money. Journal (2006) Whittlesey, Dave. Baseball-Style Arbitration: Don’t Strike Out, Broadcasting & Cable (Jan. 30, 2006). [1] See Black’s Law Dictionary [2] See Lewis L. Maltby, Private Justice: Employment Arbitration and Civil Rights, 30 COLUM.HUM.REV.29, 55 (1998) [3] Baraza- a meeting of elders aimed at arbitrating a conflict in East Africa. [4] The parties may offer such evidence as is relevant to the dispute and shall produce such evidence as the arbitrator may deem necessary to an understanding and determination of the dispute. Conformity to legal rules of evidence shall not be necessary. [5] See R. Rabin and D. Whittlesey, Baseball-Style Arbitration: Don’t Strike Out, Broadcasting & Cable (Jan. 30, 2006). [6] See Wax, Robert. staying Out of   Court: using Alternative Dispute Resolution can Save Time and Money (2006)

Definition of following terms Essay

Time value of money This refers to the principle that a dollar on hand today has more value than a dollar received sometime in the future. Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D., & Titman, S. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and Applications (12th ed.). : Pearson Education, Inc.. Efficient market Refers to the type of market where everyone receives the same time of information and prices are reflected based on this information. Business Dictionary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/efficient-market.html Primary versus secondary market Primary market refers to the securities a company sells for the first time for the purpose of raising money. Securities traded after initial investment are done through the secondary market. In the primary market, the issuing firm receives the money; in the secondary market if the shareholder of the firm decides to sell he receives the money. Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D., & Titman, S. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and Applications (12th ed.). : Pearson Education, Inc.. Risk-return tradeoff This principle is based on the risk that investors are willing to take for a promise of higher returns on investments. Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D., & Titman, S. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and Applications (12th ed.). : Pearson Education, Inc.. Agency (principal and agent problems) Refers to the problem companies face in motivating their managers who act as agents in pursuing the interests of the owners (shareholders). Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D., & Titman, S. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and Applications (12th ed.). : Pearson Education, Inc.. Market information and security prices and information asymmetry Security prices change as information is provided to all investors. In contrast in information Asymmetry one party may benefit from having more sources of information and therefore making better decisions. What is Information Asymmetry. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.investorwords.com/2461/information_asymmetry.html Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D., & Titman, S. (2014). Financial Management: Principles and Applications (12th ed.). : Pearson Education, Inc.. Agile and lean principles The lean principle in Finance refers to the production practice that companies use in which they target to minimize waste and use the the least amount of resources to meet the customers’ needs. Organizations that use agile type of processes allow to work on smaller projects to revamp production, maximize collaboration and allow for more flexible schedules. What is Project Management. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.villanovau.com/resources/project-management/what-is-project-management/#.VFKo2vldW So Return on investment It’s a form of investment measurement that shows how efficiently a company is using its resources. This ratio is usually expressed as a percentage. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/return-on-investment-ROI.html Cash flow and a source of value This is the money a company has after it has paid its bills and after it has used the money necessary to operate the business. The value of a company’s investment lies in the amount of cash flow available to spend. The Free Dictionary. (2009). Retrieved from http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cash+flow Project management This refers to the processes that involves all aspects of a project, ensuring that it is done well, on time and within budget. Processes in Project management include initiating, planning, executing, monitoring, controlling, and closing. What is Project Management. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.villanovau.com/resources/project-management/what-is-project-management/#.VFKo2vldW So Outsourcing and offshoring Outsourcing happens when a company contracts the services of a third party to do the work for the purpose to increase efficiency and lower costs. As opposed to offshoring this does not have to happen out of the country. Offshoring happens when a company moves abroad to reduce the costs of running its operations. What is the Difference between Outsourcing and Offshoring. (2003-2014). Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-difference-between-outsourcing-and-offshoring.htm Inventory turnover Inventory turnover is a form of measurement of how frequently a company sells and replenishes its inventory. The Free Dictionary. (2009). Retrieved from http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ Inventory+Turnover Just-in-time inventory (JIT) JIT inventory system maximizes the profit by just keeping enough inventory as needed and making more frequent orders, saving space and the money associated with keeping up with large inventories. Wise Geek. (2013-2014). Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-just-in-time-inventory.htm Vendor managed inventory (VMI) It is the type of inventory model where the manufacturer is responsible for keeping up with the levels of the company’s inventory. Vendor Managed Inventory. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.vendormanagedinventory.com/definition.php

How did reform movements from 1815 to 1850 change America? Essay

Reform movements from 1815 to 1850 tried to change America. Women’s rights movements, education movements, and thoughts of abolition were main inspirations. Women’s rights movements were becoming more common. More women than ever were coming together to protest. The Seneca Falls Convention was the first organized women’s rights movement. When women went to other conventions they were excluded, this convention was about women and for women. These conventions would eventually persuade congress to pass a law allowing women to vote in the 1900’s. Education movements were also a common thing among minorities. Young Americans in general along with women, African-Americans, and disabled people wanted the educational system improved. A common school movement was started to improve the quality of public schools and help prepare students for success. African Americans wanted schools to allow them in and to supply an education equal to that of young white males. Before the 1820’s women could not obtain a worthwhile education. Catherine Beecher helped the campaign for women’s education. Disabled people were not educated either. Samuel Howe improved the school system by developing methods for teaching the visually impaired. Among other impairments this was the most important to people of this time. After these movements the quality of education was not just a dream. Education changed dramatically during this period, the system went form only white males able to obtain an education to practically any person being able to. Abolition was probably the most important movement of this time. Slavery was becoming a great issue in the government and among commoners. Many of the abolitionists supported the idea of freeing the slaves but not the equality of the African American man. The fight for the outlawing of slavery became so great that the Underground Railroad and other escapes were created. Slavery was eventually outlawed by congress because fights were breaking out. Today most Americans look back and do not understand how this was even an issue. America has become a country against slavery because of the proceedings of this time era’s fight for abolition. These three movements, women’s rights, education, and abolition, were the most important influences on America today. They did not only try to change America but they succeeded. Women have equal rights with men, education is open to any being white, African American, or disabled, and slavery is outlawed.

What did Gospel mean in Paul's world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What did Gospel mean in Paul's world - Essay Example He has done the impossible. He has turned shame into glory and glory into shame. His is the folly that outsmarts the wise, the weakness that overpowers the strong†¦the liberating victory of the one true God (Hogan 47).’’ Second, that the resurrection of Jesus is the dawning of the New Age. That man is no longer bound by the shackles of death but that by the resurrection of Jesus, humanity is being invited and called by God to live in the â€Å"spiritual body†¦(not) in the Platonic sense, i.e. non-material. He means a body (physical in some sense), which is constituted by the ‘spirit’ (Hogan 50). Thus, Jesus’ resurrection is the Christian’s hope that at the end of all the pains and sufferings that they may encounter there is the resurrection. Third, that Jesus is the fulfilment of the Old Testament - of the promise Messiah. The crucified and risen Jesus is the King in the Davidic sense. And that Jesus is the embodiment of the Kingship of God in this world. And lastly, Jesus is the King and God not only of the Jews but of the entire world. This shows us that God’s kingship is not limited solely among the Jews but that his Lordship encompass all the peoples of the world for He is the One True God and that through the death and resurrection of Jesus, God’s victory over all the evils, powers and death is â€Å"God’s victory over all the world (Hogan 47).† In the end, Gospel for Paul is a proclamation not only of the acts of Jesus – His life, death and resurrection – but that Jesus himself is the fulfilment of the Messianic promise(s) that resounds over and over again in the Old Testament. But more than that, Paul has presented to us that the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus opened the doors of heavens not only for the Jews but for all people – Jews and Gentiles – as Jesus’ victory is over all the

Byzantine Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Byzantine Empire - Essay Example These books and codes were largely accepted in the East but failed to make substantial impact in the west and thus contributed to the divide which has started to rise. Justinian ambitiously tried to reconquer all the Western lands that Rome had lost to the barbarians. Justinian became the emperor in 527 and ruled until 565 and proved him to be an able ruler and he was in fact responsible for the rise of the Byzantine Empire and gave Eastern Rome a separate identity. It was his great reign which is considered to be the birth of the Byzantine Empire. Justinian successfully reconquered much of the territory that had fallen into barbarian hands. In the first phase of his projects, the entire north coast of Africa fell under Byzantine rule. Next he fought the Ostrogoths in Italy. But in 18 years of siege and counter-siege (535-553), Rome changed hands six times which means he stabilized the Eastern part but the Western part was falling which ultimately resulted in the lost of Roman identi ty and birth of the Byzantine Empire. The New Groups The wars were taking place and the barbarians were becoming powerful but at the same time new groups were also rising which included the Christians and the Muslims. The Christian priests were spreading the faith among the masses and Christianity was made the official region of the empire which meant that the Roman temples and Oracles were no more the centers of religion and the holy was now redefined and Churches were the place of worship now. Byzantium Defense Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city was the most important factor in the increasing the strength of the Empire since it was naturally protected against the invaders and could not be conquered with ease no matter how strong and advanced the invading army was. The high... Byzantine Empire Through the 4th century while the Roman Empire was still united there were two capitals following the political will of the same emperor. There was a split in the empire but the two states were not antagonistic to each other since they were a single empire on technical grounds but the series of events that took place in the 5th century lead to the collapse of the Western part while the Eastern part survived but was reduced to a medium sized empire which was more akin to the Persia than to Gaul. The East Held-back The diplomatic and political distances between the two parts of the empire were becoming more and more and the administrative and infrastructure crises in addition to the wars fueled the deteriorating situation. The war with the Visigoths was fought alone by the western wing of the empire and eastern wing instead of sending troops to defend the western borders strengthened its own capital. The infrastructure which was decaying on the western fronts was not repaired by the ea stern richer wing because they were no more concerned about the bridge between the two wings which was holding them together. Role of Justinian Emperor Justinian of the east is well-known for his efforts for driving away the barbarians and restoring glory to the Roman Empire. Another great effort by Justinian was the legislative initiatives he took. Thus the historians have legitimately renamed the Eastern Rome as Byzantine Empire because the Roman identity no more existed.

Emergency operations plan for New Orleans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emergency operations plan for New Orleans - Essay Example United States had experienced a disaster of almost the same magnitude during the September 11 attacks, but the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina demonstrated that the country’s emergency response was focused mainly on mitigating terrorism disasters at the expense of public health emergencies. Several weaknesses were apparent in the response to the Katrina disaster in New Orleans. The response was so uncoordinated and thousands of victims starved waiting for help almost a week in the flooded city. The National Response Plan provides firm guidelines for fighting terrorism and national leadership but it has three remarkable administrative weaknesses that jeopardized efficient response to the Katrina disaster (Haddow & Bullock, 2007 p31). The first weakness is that recommendations from the federal public health do not have the force of law. The federal public health agencies are charged with the responsibility of coordination and disaster preparedness while the state has overwhelming authority on public health matters (Haddow & Bullock, 2007, p 37-39).... health authorities’ dilemma on whether to enforce disaster preparedness measures on all hazards or to bioterrorism attacks still exist in the country (Haddow & Bullock, 2007 pp 69-70) Countering bioterrorism attacks in United States has been the government’s top priority resulting to biasness in distribution of funds and other resources on preparedness of other disasters (Haddow & Bullock, 2007 p127). In the case of the Katrina disaster, the government was not prepared to address broader humanitarian disasters in the country. The aforementioned weaknesses caused several problems during Katrina disaster. Firstly, the victims were not well informed during evacuation and there were no adequate provisions to cater for people with special needs. Secondly, returning evacuated persons back to their home was problematic, there was weakness in application of reverse lane operations and finally, provision of care to animals was not adequately addressed. Emergency operation plan f or New Orleans should address the following pressing issues. They include saving lives, protecting property and restoring the community back to normal after the disaster. However, before the occurrence of a hurricane disaster, it is important to enhance the capacity of the residents and the emergency workers by putting in place adequate disaster preparedness measures. Disaster preparedness in New Orleans entails working closely with relevant departments of health and security in the state to enhance a coordinated response to the emergency. The departments and other stakeholders would ensure that training, leadership, training, technical and financial support in addition to exercise support are provided to the communities and emergency workers as they prepare for disasters, mitigate their effects ,

Teaching and Learning Issues within a Cognitive Context Research Paper

Teaching and Learning Issues within a Cognitive Context - Research Paper Example It can also include delay in language development and inability to start conversations or participate in them properly Restricted and repetitive patterns of interests, thoughts and physical behaviors including making repetitive physical movements such as twisting or hand tapping and getting easily upset when these routines are disrupted. Autism is a major concern in education as approximately half of those suffering from ASD have learning difficulties that vary from one individual to another. Children with this condition may experience problems in understanding or communicating their needs to fellow students and their teachers. They can experience difficulties in understanding some classroom instructions and directions, along with facial and vocal cues of their teachers. Lack of appropriate social interactions my cause challenging behaviors, ostracizing and bullying. Problems with creative or imaginative play inhibit interactions with other students, and this means that most teaching strategies will not be effective. Sensory issues mean that the student may not cope well with noisy surroundings, maintaining eye contact or being touched by others. This incapacity to fully decode the world around them usually makes learning stressful for the student, and teachers commonly report that they find it challenging to satisf y the needs of students with autism. (Dunlap & Fox, 2003) This type of hearing loss interferes with the sound conducting paths of the middle and outer ear. The degree of loss can be minimized by use of hearing aids or through surgery. Individuals with this kind of hearing loss usually speak softly, hear better in noisy environments than individuals with normal hearing, and often experience ringing in their ears (Disability.illinois.edu, 2014) This type of hearing loss interferes with the auditory nerves and the inner

Evaluate the role of violence in the US counter-culture Essay

Evaluate the role of violence in the US counter-culture - Essay Example Jobs were plentiful and the advances in technology that were rapidly filling all the dreams of a consumerist society filled homes with products that were making life easier and creating a world in which survival was no longer the primary concern. As the ‘utopian’ nature of the new technologically advanced world began to move forward, however, many people needed to find new challenges outside of the needs of survival in order to motivate achievement. Some of those challenges included revolutionizing the culture and in the 1960’s, movements that worked towards emancipating the culture from oppressions that were suppressing the rights of women and those of minority races began to rise. In addition, the Vietnam conflict was providing a resource from which to galvanize many people towards looking at the government with a more critical eye. The war provided fuel for those who believed that the motivations of the government in the use of its people no longer represented the best interests of the nation. The time period of the 1960’s was framed by a society that was trying to find a way in which to best situate the culture in order to provide for the most enlightened version of the American ideals. Emancipating women, African Americans, Hispanics, the military, and even attitudes about sex seemed to be the way toward creating a society that no longer impressed upon some of its people oppression that prevented them from reaching their goals within the context of the ‘American dream’. What had seemed so perfect in the 1950’s was revealed for a facade that was hiding a plethora of social problems that could now be revealed as the freedoms that technology and the rise of the media presented an open door through which causes could stake their claims and make social revolutions out of injustices that were occurring. The media arts, such as literature and film, began to reflect the desires of those who were firmly situated in the counterculture revolutions of the period, expressing anger through violence. The expressions of violence created a sensationalized point of view, however, often galvanizing people in a direction that did not promote improvement of society but that incited anarchy. The connection between social revolution and violence in film and literature is defined by the shifts that can be observed in the cultural attitudes of the 1960’s and the 1970’s. Specific changes, especially and readily available in the example of film, provide a frame for understanding how society changed from a glossy representation of idealized values to a peeled back, raw version of social construction in which the flaws of the culture were finally exposed. In exposing those flaws, however, the artful representations became increasingly violent having an effect on the way in which some people would view the causes, some who were against those causes and others who were part of the movement. 2. Charles St arkweather In 1958 Charles Starkweather and his girlfriend Caril Anne Fugate, both teenagers with the girl being only fourteen, went on a murderous spree that shook the image of security that people of the United States had about their relationships with law, safety, and with the control that they felt that they had over their society. The late 1950’s represented a time in penal history where reforms were being considered as the nature of the criminal mind was discussed in terms of society’s responsibility in forming individuals who were inclined

The Lesson Essay Example for Free

The Lesson Essay In â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Cade Bambara, the author writes about Sylvia’s childhood experience as a student. She is a young-immature, uneducated, and naive kid who doesn’t know much about life, but her teacher tries to help her by giving her a lesson of reality as well to the rest of her students. She describes her teacher as a lady, Miss Moore, with â€Å"nappy hair,† â€Å"proper speech,† and â€Å"no makeup. † Sylvia explains how she feels when she goes to toy store in Fifth Avenue. For example, she says that she feels confused and shamed of being in the store because the writer notates that the store is made for wealthy people. Sylvia’s vocabulary in the literature is very unusual because she expresses her feelings with streets slang. Furthermore, the author explains Sylvia’s economic situation, and Sylvia’s preferences for playing on the streets with her friends instead of going to school. However, by the end of the story, Sylvia learns the meaning of self-motivation. People, things, and attitudes might help to motivate someone to become something in life, but it is up to that someone to become that something. The main character of the story is Sylvia. She is a kid who considers games the only important thing in her life. Paragraph one emphasizes some of the author’s hobbies and ethnicity. She says that she hates the winos because they cluttered up the parks where her friends and she used to play. She argues that her new teacher is black as well (462). â€Å"As well. † she refers of Sylvia as a black kid too. In paragraph three, Sylvia says that she would rather go to the pool or the show where it is cool instead of listen Miss Moore’s arithmetic lesson (463). Another main characteristic of Sylvia is her poor vocabulary. She uses slang and metaphorical language. For example, in paragraph one, she mentions that her cousin â€Å"who lived on the block cause we all moved North the same time and to the same apartment then spread out gradual to breathe† (462). She uses â€Å"cause† instead of because, and when she uses the expression â€Å"gradual to breathe†, she is referring to the space of the apartment. In other words, she tries to say that there is enough space to fit all of her family in her apartment without having luxury. Also, she uses expressions like â€Å"let up†, â€Å"gofer†, â€Å"shit outta me†, â€Å"nappy-head bitch†, and others. Another main characteristic of Sylvia is that she doesn’t make use of her values properly. For example, when she steals the $4 that her teacher gave her to pay the taxi, values are missing. Sylvia just wants to buy barbeque instead of paying the taxi. In paragraph forty, Sylvia lies about a boarder taking a shower when in reality sugar was tied up in the shower, and her aunt caught her lying. Sylvia is a young kid who only cares for games, but the teacher will show her the real meaning of life later in the literature. The main conflict of the story is when Miss Moore tries to give lessons of how democracy works to her students, but Sylvia refuses to go along with them and makes it more complicated. There are two types of conflicts in the author’s writing. The first one is the internal conflict, and the second one the external conflict. The internal conflict is within Sylvia’s perspective. For example, when Miss Moore tries to explain to her students what money is, Sylvia takes the question as an insult (463). She thinks that the teacher’s purposes of making the question is to treat her students as uneducated kids, but what the teacher really tries to say is what money really is, why it is so important in people’s life, how people expend it, and why. The external conflict is between the author vs. the real world. In paragraph twenty six, Sylvia expresses that the boat price makes her angry, but she doesn’t know why (464). In paragraph 40, she says that she feels funny and shame when she walks in to the toy store (465). At the beginning of the writing, Sylvia doesn’t want to accept the concept of Miss Moore, â€Å"Equal chance to pursue happiness means an equal crack at the dough† (465), but by the end of the story she finally gets the lesson. Sylvia says in the last paragraph that she doesn’t care for the $4 that she stole from her teacher, and she wants to think the day through (466). â€Å"The Lesson† is a literature that shows the main character another face of the world. By Sylvia going to the toy store, she realizes that there are people out there who have better economic status than her. She acknowledges the opportunities that her democratic country can offer her such as equal opportunity to get far in life. The settings of the story are very detailed and help the readers understand better that Sylvia is a poor black kid from the North who doesn’t know better about life. For instances, in paragraph 1 the protagonist, Sylvia, describes the park where she and her friends play hide-and-seek. This setting helps the reader to understand that the protagonist of the story is a young teenager kid who rather goes to the park than summer school. The story also makes it clear that Sylvia and her friends are in summer school somewhere in New York close to alley Pond Park or Central Park. With all of settings details that the author tells in the story, readers can interpret that the story probably took place in the 70s or bel because in paragraph 3, the author emphasizes that the taxi ride cost 0. 85 cents. Furthermore, almost by the end of the story, the author describes that the toy store is located on Fifth Avenue which is an avenue in New York City where the most expensive stores are located. Miss Moore takes the kids to the toy store with the purpose of teaching her students that there are people out there in the world who had worked hard enough to reach the type of life style that they ever wanted. Languages devices throughout the story help the readers understand more about the protagonist background and message of the story. For instance, the expensive sailboat in â€Å"The Lesson† symbolizes frivolous uses of money and teaches Sylvia about the economic difference status that exits in her society. It also shows her that everyone is capable of getting anything in life as long one chooses the right path to success. Another language device found in the story is imagery which is emphasized in paragraph one when Sylvia describes Miss Moore’s feet as â€Å"fish-white and spooky† (462). By Sylvia’s slang and words, the readers conclude that Miss Moore’s feet are very white and Sylvia dislike them. Also the audience realize that the protagonist is an immature kid that doesn’t know better about people. Furthermore, Diction is found almost on each paragraph of the story. For instance, when sugar says, â€Å"Back in the days when everyone was old and stupid or young and foolish and me and Sugar were the only ones just right † (462), it gives the readers an idea of the protagonist’s culture, education, and personality. It seems that Sylvia is a young kid who doesn’t understand the stages of life and the opportunities that she has to become a successful adult until her teacher takes her to the toy story. In conclusion, â€Å"The lesson† seems to be a teaching story to kids who don’t have ambition in their life to explore the word and its opportunities. The author makes it very clear that people are what they want to be and what they work for. For instance, in paragraph forty five Miss Moore emphasizes that â€Å"we are who we are[,] but it don’t necessarily have to be that way† (466).