Why are some countries in debt Free Essays

For what reason are a few nations in the red? What effect does it have on improvement? What is obligation? On a universal scale, obligation is the owing of cash starting with one nation then onto the next or a global association because of past getting due to require. For what reason are a few nations in the red? Nations can be in the red for various reasons: 1) Trade shortfall At the point when a country’s imports are worth more than a country’s sends out, the nation loses cash and accordingly it is compelled to get cash from different nations or universal associations to attempt to cover the misfortunes. 2) Natural fiascos and tied guide After a catastrophic event, a nation may get reliant on the guide of another nation for a brief timeframe. We will compose a custom exposition test on For what reason are a few nations owing debtors? or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Anyway now and then the guide given is tied guide where the nation getting help may need to repay the cash given (perhaps with premium). They are consequently in the red to the giver nation/association. 3) Money fumble On the off chance that a nation fumbles their utilization of cash (probably through the legislature) and goes through cash pointlessly while taking out advances to take care of the expense, the nation can wind up in the red. The impact of obligation on improvement At the point when a nation is in the red, a lion's share of the cash it produces is utilized to take care of cash to the benefactor nation. This implies there is minimal expenditure being put into the social foundation of the nation, so human services and instruction levels continue as before or deteriorate generally speaking easing back down or now and then even opposite building up a nation as proficiency rates may fall and insufficient cash could be put resources into improving medicinal services. Methods of taking care of obligation issues Dropping obligation †What are the preferences and impediments? Preferences †The upsides of dropping obligation are that it can permit a poor nation to begin putting the cash it gains into its turn of events/social foundation instead of repaying obligation to created nations. This would overall be able to assist with battling destitution and lessen the improvement hole. In 2005, Zambia had $4 million of obligation dropped and in 2006 it had enough cash to pay with the expectation of complimentary human services for many individuals living in rustic territories, improving the personal satisfaction. In Tanzania, cash spared from obligation abrogations permitted the legislature to annul grade school expenses in 2001. Accordingly, the quantity of understudies that go to grade school multiplied. These models show that by dropping obligation, it permits cash to be put resources into training which can prompt more individuals landing positions, by and large adding to a country’s economy, improving the GDP and by putting resources into social insurance, the future and baby death rate can likewise diminish. Rundown: - a nation can put resources into its turn of events - It diminishes destitution and can decrease the advancement hole - models incorporate Zambia and Tanzania Inconveniences †Although dropping obligation can assist a nation with developing, there are likewise a few weaknesses. Right off the bat, the benefactor nation loses a lot of cash which can marginally harm its economy. Creating nations which have had their obligation counteracted could begin taking more advances, in the desire for having obligation picked up from that dropped too (This anyway is far-fetched as in the long run created nations will in the end observe when a nation does not merit offering cash to and in a period of emergency, nothing will be given) When a credit is taken, the cash ought to be returned and on the off chance that it isn't, it could give the nation which didn't repay, a terrible notoriety. Synopsis: †The benefactor nation loses cash †Countries could take out more credits †A credit ought to be repaid whenever taken in any case Obligation for nature trades Deforestation to a great extent happens for prudent necessities of a nation to attempt to take care of obligation. An obligation for nature trade is an understanding between a creating country owing debtors and at least one of its banks. In an obligation for nature trade, the nation or association owed cash, discounts a measure of obligation as a byproduct of a specific measure of ecological assurance. They were first settled during the 1980s in the endeavor of taking care of two issues with one understanding: 1) to limit the obligation of creating countries and 2) to limit the natural decimation that much of the time happens in creating nations. An organization called WWF (overall store for nature) which helps out nations, for example, UK and USA has assisted with organizing and structure numerous obligation for nature trades. In 2008 they assisted with organizing and encourage one of the biggest obligation for nature trades in Madagascar’s history in which 20 million dollars was resolved to save the country’s rich biodiversity. Additionally in 2008, the USA paid off Peru’s obligation by $25 million in return for preserving its rainforests. Obligation for nature trades are incredibly advantageous on the grounds that they not just drop the obligation of a nation permitting them to put resources into advancement, however it assists with securing the earth and preserve a portion of the world’s rainforests. This improves it than simply dropping obligation. Step by step instructions to refer to Why are a few nations paying off debtors?, Papers

Homeostatic Balances Essay

Homeostasis is keeping up an Internal Balance. In the event that we neglect to keep up an interior equalization each framework within our body will be disturbed. Hypertension To disclose to a multi year elderly person with an eighth grade training, that he has hypertension, I would start clarifying, in a house I accept that he would comprehend, what hypertension is and how it can influence him. ‘Hypertension is the point at which your circulatory strain is high every day. Circulatory strain is viewed as high when the perusing is 140/90 or higher. At the point when your heart pulsates more earnestly your circulatory strain rises. Hypertension can be brought about by an awkwardness in the Circulatory System and can prompt numerous other medical issues including stroke and coronary illness. Medicines that can bring down pulse incorporate way of life changes and meds. Way of life changes that can bring down circulatory strain are, yet not constrained to, diet changes, practicing and unwinding. There are an extremely wide range of prescriptions that can be taken for hypertension.’ The homeostatic awkwardness that causes hypertension is something t hat would raise circulatory strain, for example, stress, being overweight, more seasoned age, ect. The organ framework engaged with hypertension is the heart. The criticism framework can't keep up homeostasis in light of the fact that the heart is endeavoring to get the pulse to an ordinary range. The ramifications for not keeping up homeostatic parity can be significant medical issues related with the heart, for example, stroke and coronary illness. Reference: A portion of the data I discovered was in a YouTube video-Hypertension Explained Clearly! 1 of 2 @ http://youtu.be/OmKVteeuQj0 Diabetes To disclose diabetes to a 13-year old center school praises understudy who has quite recently been determined to have it, I would start with what diabetes is. ‘Juvenile-beginning/Type 1 diabetes is an illness that is brought about by your body not having the option to create or utilize insulin. For obscure reasons your body’s resistant framework, just as others with type 1 diabetes, assaults different cells in the body which causes an inadequacy of the insulin hormone. You will presently need to screen your food admission and check your glucose levels.’ Theâ homeostatic unevenness that causes type 1 diabetes is a metabolic issue where the body doesn't create enough or delivers an excessive amount of insulin. The organ framework associated with diabetes is the pancreas, yet the whole body can be influenced by diabetes. The criticism framework can't keep up homeostasis on the grounds that the body can't make enough, or makes an excess of insulin. Despite the fact t hat the receptors are telling the control place that the effector needs to deliver more insulin the body can't make it or makes a lot of it. Results of not keeping up homeostatic offset incorporate issues with eyes, heart, kidneys, feet, nerves and even the regenerative framework. References: http://diabetes.webmd.com/direct/type-1-diabetes http://www.webhealthcentre.com/Healthcorners/diabetes_organs.aspx

Blog Archive GMAT Impact What To Doand What Not To Doon Test Day (Part 2)

Blog Archive GMAT Impact What To Doâ€"and What Not To Doâ€"on Test Day (Part 2) When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this weekly blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Last week, we discussed what to do on test day for the GMAT. As promised, this week we’re going to talk about what not to do. Don’t: Burn yourself out. Don’t overtrain in the few days before the exam. This can include taking a practice test within three days of the real exam, reviewing for more than 30 minutes on the day of the exam and studying for more than two hours on the day before the exam. Change your routine. Keep to the same sleep schedule. Don’t take a sleeping pill for the first time the night before. Don’t have three cups of coffeeâ€"or zero cupsâ€"when you’d normally have one. Bring GMAT notes into the test center; use electronic devices while on a break. You’re not allowed to look at notes or practice problems even while on a break; the proctors can cancel your exam if they see you doing this (or even just suspect that you’re doing this). So don’t bring any notes into the test center in the first place! Make sure you don’t touch your cell phone or anything else electronic during the breaks. You may just be checking the score of the game, but the proctors may cancel your exam on the spot. Dwell on past problems. Focus on the problem on the screen in front of you; don’t think about problems that have already come and gone. If you find yourself obsessing about a past problem (or anything), tell yourself: “I can think about that all I want, but first I have to finish the problem I’m on right now.” If you’re still thinking about the past problem when you finish the current one, tell yourself the same thing for the new problem on the screen. Try to figure out your score. Don’t even think about it! Even the question writers have to test each question on a couple thousand students to figure out how difficult it isâ€"and they wrote the questions in the first place! Also, when was the last time you were stuck in traffic and thought, “Oh, wow, I’m in the fastest moving lane! Yay!” It doesn’t work that way. You only notice when you’re in the slow lane. The same thing will be true during the testâ€"you’ll only remember the tough stuff, and you’ll think you’re doing poorly. That will hurt your confidence, and then you might actually start doing poorly. Don’t go there. There you have it: the short list of what to doâ€"and what not to doâ€"on test day. Let us know how it goes! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

The Empirical Evidence On Post Merger Performance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2605 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Study of M and A performance has been part of the strategic management, corporate finance, and organizational behavior literature for decades. Researchers have made use of various criteria in their attempt to appraise MA performance. For instance, Zollo and Singh (2004) found there exists much heterogeneity both on the definition of the performance of MAs and on its measurement. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Empirical Evidence On Post Merger Performance Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In a study of 88 empirical conducted between 1970 and 2006, Zollo and Meier (2008) acknowledged 12 different approaches, varying along several scopes, for measuring the impact of MAs. Essentially, there are four commonly used performance evaluation approaches in MA field which can be classified as quantitative and qualitative methods: Cording et al. (2010) reported 92 percent of empirical works used event study and accounting-based methods. According to Zollo and Meier (2008), only 28 percent of researches use accounting based measures, while 41 percent of the total reviewed articles use short-term event study. 4.1 Event Studies Event study has been dominant empirical financial research approach since the 1970s (Martynova and Renneboog, 2008) and is broadly applied in MA study. Event studies measure the abnormal returns to the shareholders for the period surrounding the announcement of the merger. Abnormal return is fundamentally the difference between the raw returns which is basically the change in the share prices and a benchmark index calculated by for example the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) or SP500, among others (Krishanmurti and Vishwanant, 2008). The first event study is said to be done by Fama, Fisher, Jensen Roll in 1969, who examined the stock splits to public listed companies. Ever since, it has become an influential tool that help companies to investigate effects of an event on stock return (Boehmer et al., 1991; McWilliams Siegel, 1997; MacKinlay, 1997). Indeed, stock returns reflect immediate, unbiased, rational, and risk-adjusted expectations of firm value in future based on the ar rival of new information. Researchers usually identify a period (event window) over which the impact of the event will be analysed which can be classified into short-term and long-term event study. The short term approach assumes stock market efficiency that means the stock market reaction to acquisitions when they are announced or completed provides a reliable measure of the expected value of the acquisition. The long term performance assessment assumes the stock market spends time to evaluate the value implications of acquisitions and wait new information about the progress of the merger. Besides, the probability of M A will be analyzed (Sudarsanam, 2003, p.71). Whether value is created or destroyed as a result of a merger can be directly measured by event study since it is a forward looking approach. It also has few backdrops as it is underlined by many assumptions about the stock market and event based study is prone to confounding events, which could skew the returns for particular companies at particular events.(Bruner,2002) Evidence using Event Studies Owing to the large number of empirical studies, as well as the variety of samples and sampling techniques used, the main findings have been tabulated. The subsequent discussion therefore focuses on highlighting the main findings and identifying how specific studies have contributed to our understanding of measures of acquirer performance and the factors that influence it. Table 1 contains a summary of studies examining the short-run impact of acquisitions, while Table 2 includes details on long-run studies. Short-run event studies The short-run event period over which the performance of bidding companies is measured varies noticeably between researches with some studies analysing performance in so far as four months prior to the bid announcement (Franks and Harris 1989) and up to three months afterwards (Higson and Elliot 1998). Regardless of the event window selected, however, the evidence on the whole suggests little if any positive returns to shareholders in acquiring companies. Of the studies reviewed in Table 1, only the early studies in the US by Asquith et al. (1983) and in the UK by Franks and Harris (1989) observed significant positive returns to acquirers Indeed it is to be noted that both of these studies included takeovers during the period when takeovers appear to have been more beneficial to acquiring firm shareholders (Bradley et al. 1988; Bruner 2002). Franks and Harris conducted their research in 1950s while Asquith et Lal conducted theirs in 1960s. The remaining studies from both the UK and US come to the conclusion that either no significant difference in the returns of acquirers or significantly negative returns around the bid announcement. In addition, as can been noticed from Table 1, more recent research appears to conclude increasingly negative performance of acquirers, a finding in line with evidence presented by Andrade et al. (2001). Moreover, it must be noted that recent evidence from other countries tends to be more positive compared to findings documented for UK and US. For example, Campa and Hernando (2004) point out insignificant gains from a sample of Continental European takeovers, while Ben-Amar and Andre (2006) report positive announcement returns from a sample of listed Canadian companies. Sudarsanam and Mahate (2003) report significantly negative abnormal returns of 1.4%, over the ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢1 to +1 day period, with only a third of acquirers experiencing wealth gains based on their research on a sample of 519 UK acq uirers between 1983 and 1995. This evidence is largely consistent with other UK studies by Sudarsanam et al. (1996) and Holl and Kyriazis (1997). For the extended post announcement period of +2 to +40 days, Sudarsanam and Mahate (2003) also proclaim generally negative abnormal returns but do not find the differences to be statistically significant findings broadly similar to Limmack (1991) and Gregory (1997). However, almost 50% of acquirers are shown to experience wealth losses over the extended event window. Long-run event studies. Motivated by early studies suggesting that MAs may have a negative impact on the long-run wealth of shareholders (Asquith 1983; Malatesta 1983), the long-run post MA performance has also been subject to a great deal of research. As shown in Table 2, recent studies advocate that MA produce either insignificant or negative abnormal returns in the long run. In the UK, for example, Limmack (1991) reports significantly negative returns for a sample of 448 takeovers between 1977 and 1986. Consistent with his findings is that of Kennedy and Limmack (1996) for their research on takeovers during the 1980s, and Gregory (1997) based on his study of takeovers between 1984 and 1992. Finally, Sudarsanam and Mahate (2003, 2006) also report significant negative returns in the post-bid period. Table 2 also illustrates that recent evidence from US studies is broadly consistent with the UK findings cited above, with Agrawal et al. (1992), Loughran and Vijh (1997) and Rau and Vermaelen (1998) reportin g significant negative returns. A recent research by Alexandridis et al. (2006) uses the three-factor model formulated by Fama and French (1993) and the traditional capital asset pricing model (CAPM) methodology. Both models experienced a negative abnormal return of around ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢1%. Gregory and McCorriston (2005) find that bidders lose ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢9.36% and ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢27% in years +3 and +5 following the announcement while there were no significant returns for years 0 to +2. Hence, the overwhelming consensus is that shareholders in acquiring companies suffer significant wealth losses when long-run returns are considered. 4.2 Accounting Studies Accounting study is based on the reported financial results of the bidders pre and post merger to examine changes in financial performance. Changes in net income, profit margin, growth rates, return on equity (ROE), return on asset (ROA) and liquidity of the firm are the focus of accounting studies (Bruner, 2002; Pilloff, 1996). The studies of the operating performance provide a supplementary measure to evaluate the result of the merger. The main outcome these studies give is whether the merger resulted in providing an edge to the acquirers over their competitors. (Bruner, 2002) Most of the study on merger performance has focused on the use of share price figures due to the susceptibility of accounting data to managerial manipulation through altering accounting policies and earnings management (Stanton 1987). A number of researchers prefer using accounting information to determine the long-run impact of acquisitions on operating performance of firms, arguing that any benefits fr om MAs will eventually materialize in the firms accounting records. Evidence using Accounting Studies Table 3 presents a review of accounting studies. Meeks (1977) concludes that profitability increased in the year of the takeover but decreased drastically below the pre merger levels, sometimes to the extent of 50% in each of the five subsequent years. Dickerson et al. (1997), in their study on a cross section of UK firms, led to the conclusion that that there was no evidence that M A had positive impacts on the acquiring companys financial performance and led to a permanent detrimental effect on company performance and profitability. This finding was consistent with that of Meeks (1977). Healy et al. (1992) examined post M A operating performance of the biggest 50 mergers between 1979 and 1984 and the same industry performance was used as benchmark. The authors indicated that acquirers experienced improvements in asset productivity, resulting in increase in operating cash flows relative to their industry peers. Interestingly, this paper came to the conclusion that the p ost-acquisition performance of acquirers is reduced after the takeover but is still better than their non-acquired sector peers, suggesting that acquisitions serve to lower the impact of poor performance. Andrade et al. (2001) studied the post acquisition performance of approximately 2000 US mergers during the period 1973 and 1998. They found that post-merger operating margins (measured as cash flow to sales) relative to the industry improve and are about 3.2% after the acquisition versus 2.9% before. The authors conclude that the combined target and acquirer operating performance is strong relative to their industry peers prior to the merger, and improves slightly subsequent to the merger transaction (p. 116). Ghosh (2001) attempted to show whether operating performance is actually improved post acquisition and whether the performance of acquirer is associated to the mode of payment employed. He used a sample of all the mergers and acquisition from 1981 to 1995. He compared t he pre and post-merger operating cash flow performances relative to the merged firms to examine whether the operating performance had improved post acquisition. And he found no evidence that operating cash flow performance improves subsequent to acquisition against what was concluded by Healy, Palepu Ruback (1992) that cash flow performance improves post acquisition. He also came to a conclusion in his research that cash as a mode of payment was a better alternative in order to better employ the assets of the combined firm and produce better wealth gains compared to equity as a mode of payment The bottom line of the accounting studies is that there is no strong relation on average between acquisitions and post-acquisition accounting or productivity performance. One probable justification is that the accounting data are too noisy to isolate the effects of the acquisition. This is acceptable given the transformations the accounts of the merging firms go through at the merger (rest atements, special amortization and depreciation, merger related costs, etc.). 4.3 Survey of Executives A survey study is a primary source of information which involves asking the executives of the companies whether the acquisition actually created value. Under, this method, standardized questionnaires are set for managers to assess the impact of a merger on the company. The answers of the executives from the interview are then analyzed to arrive at a conclusion. According to Bruner (2002), survey by practitioners is often casually reported, limiting the ability to replicate the study and understand the methodological strengths and weaknesses. For this reason, scholars tend to give practitioners surveys rather less attention. Moreover since the managers may or may not be stockholders and their outlook may not be focused on economic value creation. Also convincing the executives for involvement is a time consuming task and unfortunately, these surveys are known to have a low rate of participation. (Bruner, 2002) Despite consisting of some backdrops, this approach has its adva ntages as it gives a perception into value creation that may be unknown in the market and the benefits from the intimate familiarity with the actual success of the acquisition. Evidence Using Survey of Executives In a research entailed by Ingham, Kran and Lovestam (1992) who interviewed 146 of UKs top 500 companies between 1984 and 1988 on the basis of a questionnaire, it was held that 77% of the 146 CEOs surveyed are in the opinion that there was a rise in the short term profitability post the merger and 68% believed that the profitability increased in the long run. In a survey conducted by pooling 50 executives via the internet to evaluate the success to create wealth or otherwise of the merger, on average the respondents said that 37% of the deals created value for the buyers. Also it was found after considering all the respondents that only 21% of the deals achieve the buyers strategic goals. (Bruner, 2002) The frame of reference has a key role on the impact on the responses. Executive opinions tend to be more positive on the post-merger value creation in the case where the particular executive is involved. Indeed, the survey of the 50 executives concentrated on executives who wer e personally involved in a merger deal and were asked to respond to it. The result was different. 58% of the respondents said that there was value creation in their deal. 51% believed that they attained their strategic goal while 31% of the respondents didnt agree with it. The remaining was not aware of the outcome of their deals. A survey by Business week(1995) for the period 1990-1995 consisting a sample of 248 acquirers purchasing a total of 1,045 targets, compared to 96 non acquiring firms , revealed that 69% of non-acquirers had their returns superior to that of the competitors. (Bruner, 2002) A survey conducted by KPMG International (1999) based on a sample of 700 of the most expensive merger deals between 1996 and 1998 showed that 17% of the deals amplified shareholder value while 53% reduced it. 30% broke-even. Interviews with 107 executives disclosed that 82% of the respondents said their deals were successful. (Bruner, 2002). 4.4 Clinical Studies Clinical studies focus on one case or a small sample is studied in great depth and insights, usually through field interviews with executives and knowledgeable observers. This is an inductive research which is good for looking out for new patterns and behaviours with regards to a deal (Bruner, 2004). The aim of clinical studies is to fill in gaps left by event and accounting studies (Jensen, 1986). However, due the small number of observations; researcher cannot do hypothesis testing and reports can be idiosyncratic implying difficulty for the decision makers to make bigger decisions from only one report (Bruner, 2002). Evidence Using Clinical Studies Several clinical studies piloted over the years have shown the way to uncovering the truths behind the success or failures of mergers. Lys and Vincent (1995) studied the acquisition of NCR Corporation by ATTs, which lead to a decrease of the ATTs shareholders wealth by $3.9billion and $6.5billion. Their research revealed three main reasons for the failure. First, maximizing shareholders wealth was not one of the objectives of the management, managerial overconfidence and thirdly, ignorance of accessible data. A study to determine whether value is created or destroyed following an acquisition was conducted by Kaplan, Mitchell Wruck (1997). They analysed the mergers of Cooper industries acquisition of Cameron iron works and that of Premarks acquisition of Florida tile and observed different share market reactions to their announcement. One acquisition increased the share value and the second decreased it. However, based on several field interviews with executives they concluded t hat both the acquisitions didnt create value due to lack of knowledge regarding target firm and the imposition of inappropriate organizational strategies on the target firm. Ruback (1982) attempted to find the effect of the takeover of Conoco by Dupont on shareholder value. He discovered that Conocos shareholders received gains of $3.2billion while the shareholders of Dupont suffered losses of $800 million. He couldnt establish the reason for net gain of $2.4billion from the deal and was unable to find a specific source. This study illustrated the possible problems associated in a clinical study.

The Events Of World War II - 1293 Words

It is difficult, if not impossible put the events of World War II in context without a discussion about World War I. Known at first as the Great War, the occurrences that lead up to this conflict and its happenings caused a series of events that many see led up to the start of the second World War. Although the two wars are usually seen as separate events, it is important to see the connections linking the two together. The Great War ending was one that saw Germany placed the position of sole guilt. This idea along with many of the agreed upon articles in the Treaty of Versailles in turn help to create the climate in which the great powers of the world find themselves again facing another World War. With the end of the first world war coinciding with both the end of the Austro-Hungarian empire and the Revolution in Russia, Germany found itself practically alone on the side of the defeated. By this time Germany had in fact saw the abdication of the Kaiser that lead them through the wa r, leaving a new democratic group to barter during the peace settlements. After a much longer and costly war than anyone thought would happen, the allies were looking for reparations from the central powers to which Germany was the main power left standing. In the Treaty of Versailles, the Germans were obligated to do two things that would have lasting effects on their country. The first was the rapid disarmament of their military, and the other was the monetary reparations they were asked toShow MoreRelatedThe Events Of World War II1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tenth’s triumphs in Italy were demonstrative of the value of specialized forces. Their success both was very influential in the events of World War II and in proving the value of specialized forces. Once the government saw how effective the focused training of this division was, they realized that a new era had begun. The Tenth Mountain Division started the period of special forces. The men in the division used their mountain climbing skills to formulate a brilliant plot to capture Riva RidgeRead MoreThe Events Of World War II Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesA â€Å"watershed† event could best be described as one such an event that marked a turning point in a course of actions or affairs. Some would argue that the second World War was nowhere close to being a watershed event and more closely aligned with being a devastating period for American history. Funnily enough, most would critically disagree with such a statement. World War II sent the United States through a frenzy of change — change that would extend even over to today’s time! So in retrospect ofRead MoreThe Events Of World War II1233 Words   |  5 PagesAt about 11 o clock on the morning of June 28, 1914, the archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo; Event that is known as the trigger of the Great War, World War I; Which lasted little more than 4 years, un til November 11, 1918 when Germany signed the Armistice of Compià ¨gne. On September 1, 1939; 25 years later, World War II began with the invasion of Germany into Poland, and culminated 6 years later, on September 2, 1945. When we think of these times, many things come toRead MoreThe Events Of The World War II1537 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity Operation Barbarossa U.S. Military History – SS3505 Nick Alessandroni 11/8/2014 â€Æ' Despite varying opinions on what actual triggered the start of World War II, Hitler ordering the invasion of Poland on September 1st, 1939 is believed to be the true mark of the beginning of the Second World War. 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And who actually recalls anything named Japanese War crimes? Both were unmerciful acts, but the criminals of the Japanese were never brought to justice. The Japense war crimes was worse, because they were killed, discriminated, and American soldiers cut their body parts alive or dead as souvenirs, this was known as American mutilationRead MoreEssay on The Awful Events of The World War II526 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War II was the most unhaumane event in time of American history or even world history. Hitler was in charge of the mass destruction in Europe. His plan was callled the final solution, him and his right hand man Himmler a had created. The plan was to kill everyone w ho wasnt an undesirable such as jews. The Arain race was the perfect form of people that Hitler wanted to create and only have, this racd consisted of blue eyes, blonde hair, muscualr/fit, and tall. In 1933 Hitler became the chancellor

The Causes And Cures Of Schizophrenia - 938 Words

The causes, cures and intellectual comprehension in schizophrenia patients remains unknown. Scientists have discovered that schizophrenia is a severe condition that develops by a combination of biological, environmental, and unforeseen factors. Since this condition effects no more than two percent of the population, it is challenging to find an adequate sample size for assessments and further study. People suffering from schizophrenia are incapable of determining reality and show a wide array of symptoms varying from delusions, hallucinations, irrational conduct and disorganized speech. The complex severity of these symptoms make it difficult for scientists to find a remedy that works for all patients. Recent studies have shown that identical twins have an increased risk of developing the condition. The risk is increased by half in comparison to individuals who do not carry twin genetics. Many wonder if schizophrenia is caused by a physical abnormality inside the brain, but it has no t been scientifically proven yet. Since twins are at the highest at risk for schizophrenia, it is essential to study the behaviors, patterns and recovery methods of these patients. A study conducted by Michael Harms suggests that one of the causes of Schizophrenia is determined by the structure of the thalamus and a reduction in volume of the hippocampus. â€Å"In the current study, we assessed the volume and shape of the thalamus in subjects with schizophrenia and their nonpsychotic siblings. TheShow MoreRelatedSchizophrenia And Its Symptoms, Causes, Treatments954 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is a turbulent mental illness that many people throughout America are suffering from. The word schizophrenia comes from th One percent of America’s population is diagnosed with Schizophrenia each year. This mental disorder is more common in late teenagers and young adults ranging from the ages of 20 to 30. It is proven that this illness occurs in more young men than women. People who suffer from schizophrenia usually cannot have normal lives due to the disabling symptomsRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdealing insomnia for the past 4 months. When meeting him, he showed signs of movement disorders and thought disorders. After Complete Blood Count tests and interviews with multiple mental health professionals, Jaime was confirmed to have paranoid schizophrenia. Jaime was immediately put on antipsychotic medication, and after about 3 months of taking that medication, he started attending psychological treatment. He has been continuing with both procedures for about a year. Today, his medication doseRead MoreSymptoms, And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1413 Words   |  6 PagesOverview, Symptoms, and Treatment for Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is affecting people’s lives every day. There isn’t a cure for this disorder and it is lifelong. Schizophrenia can affect a person’s thoughts, emotions, and actions. People with this disorder can have a hard time figuring out what is real and what isn’t real. A common side effect to schizophrenia is hallucinations and delusions. Another common side effect is social withdrawal, which means that they avoid socialRead MoreUnderstanding Schizophrenia Essay examples1617 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Schizophrenia When a person hears the word crazy, their first thoughts are probably of symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is seen as the ideal case of insanity. The causes of this disease remain unknown, but scientists are constantly searching for answers. Although a cure for schizophrenia is surely far in the future, research and understanding is making more and more progress every day. To find a cure for schizophrenia, scientists must first understand the disease itselfRead MoreJohn Forbes Nash, Jr.1739 Words   |  7 PagesPrize in Economic Sciences. In 1959, while he was teaching at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he displayed some symptoms of Paranoid Schizophrenia. He suffered from hallucinations and delusions. Once he said that he has encrypted messages from outer space. People thought it was a joke, but they didn t know that he was suffering from Schizophrenia. After his illness, he resigned from MIT and went to Europe. When he came back, he mostly hanged around Princeton campus and wrote about himselfRead MoreSchizophrenia: A Great Illness871 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia is a brain disease; Schizophrenia’s main problem is with insanity. What is Insanity? Webster’s dictionary states it as â€Å"A deranged state of the mind occurring as a specific disorder (as Schizophrenia) (Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 64 6).† The definition of insanity is closely related to schizophrenia described as a disorder. When having schizophrenia ones behavior and thinking change dramatically. One’s behavior might contain several signs as loss of personal contact, socialRead MoreIs Schizophrenia A Unique Mental Disorder?1335 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Health Reference Series, schizophrenia affects 1.1% of the US population and the majority of those who suffer with schizophrenia go untreated or are unaware that they even have the disorder. Approximately 2,200,000 people in the United States suffer from schizophrenia, and they have a lifespan 20% shorter than those who do not have schizophrenia (Fentress, Moller 1). Schizophrenia is a unique mental disorder that is made up of distinctive characteristics, causes, signs and symptoms, and requiresRead MoreDisorganized Schizophrenia and Methodist Unity Point752 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Megan Noll COMM 110 Informative Paper SCHIZOPHRENIA Schizophrenia affects approximately 2.5 million Americans and more than 24 million people worldwide (Janssen). Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that is very difficult to live with. Schizophrenia has strong hereditary component (Smith, Segal). People with schizophrenia hear voices, lose touch with reality, can’t think clearly, function, see things or hear things that are not really there, and can’t distinguish what is real and what is unreal(SmithRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1553 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Many people around the world may have Schizophrenia in their genes and won’t even realize it until it’s too late. Stress can trigger the gene and cause the person to become schizophrenic. Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that causes a person to behave, think, and see the world differently from other people. There are many different ways to treat the disorder but there is no cure. When treated properly, many people with schizophrenia are able to enjoy life and function within their familiesRead MoreThe Evolution Of Schizophrenia Treatment1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of Schizophrenia Treatment Schizophrenia is severe mental disorder that causes a distortion of reality that is commonly known to have abnormalities of brain the brain structure coupled with unpredictable and strange emotions, behavior, and thinking. It accounts for the largest percentage of people hospitalized with a mental disorder. (#1) There are five main types of schizophrenia that have been observed. The first is the undifferentiated type which a patient lacks emotional depth

Democratization of Communist China free essay sample

An examination of various American presidential administrations foreign policies towards Communist China. This paper discusses how the various American presidents have sought to encourage the open market policy with China. It looks at the first moves by Nixon in 1972 to established ties with Communist China. It then examines how America has tried to establish an Free Trade policy with China. The paper focuses on the potential benefits a free trade agreement would have on both China and the U.S., as well as the international economy as a whole. The democratization of Communist China is neither likely nor feasible. Not in the foreseeable future. It was a brilliant and promising move when former President Richard Nixon first established ties with Communist China in 1972 as one dictatorial power playing over another dictatorial power (Boycott China 2002) as a face-saving act during the Vietnam War fiasco and at a time that Russia was on the offensive. We will write a custom essay sample on Democratization of Communist China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the Reagan administration, China began evolving into a freer and more open society, hinting at an evolving democracy. The American people had hoped to help build that democratic society and thought it would happen then. Today, President Bushs government wants to establish a free trade agreement with China so that it will be more dependent on us and become freer, more prosperous and more peaceful. China has the biggest population in the world and is thus the largest market for American products. Free trade would, therefore, enhance American objectives and economy while helping Communist China turn into a democratic society.

All Quiet On The Western Front Essays - English-language Films

All Quiet On The Western Front Essays - English-language Films All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque?s All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel set in World War I, centers around the changes wrought by the war on one young German soldier. During his time in the war, Remarque?s protagonist, Paul Baumer, changes from a rather innocent Romantic to a hardened and somewhat caustic veteran. More importantly, during the course of this metamorphosis, Baumer disaffiliates himself from those societal icons?parents, elders, school, religion?that had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment days. This rejection comes about as a result of Baumer?s realization that the pre-enlistment society simply does not underezd the reality of the Great War. His new society, then, becomes the Company, his fellow trench soldiers, because that is a group which does underezd the truth as Baumer has experienced it. Remarque demonstrates Baumer?s disaffiliation from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer?s pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In his preface to the novel, Remarque maintains that "a generation of men ... were destroyed by the war" (Remarque, All Quiet Preface). Indeed, in All Quiet on the Western Front, the meaning of language itself is, to a great extent, destroyed. Early in the novel, Baumer notes how his elders had been facile with words prior to his enlistment. Specifically, teachers and parents had used words, passionately at times, to persuade him and other young men to enlist in the war effort. After relating the tale of a teacher who exhorted his students to enlist, Baumer states that "teachers always carry their feelings ready in their waistcoat pockets, and trot them out by the hour" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Baumer admits that he, and others, were fooled by this rhetorical trickery. Parents, too, were not averse to using words to shame their sons into enlisting. "At that time even one?s parents were ready with the word ?coward?" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Remembering those days, Baumer asserts that, as a result of his war experiences, he has learned how shallow the use of these words was. Indeed, early in his enlistment, Baumer comprehends that although authority figures taught that duty to one?s country is the greatest thing, we already knew that death-throes are stronger. But for all that, we were no mutineers, no deserters, no cowards?they were very free with these expressions. We loved our country as much as they; we went courageously into every action; but also we distinguished the false from true, we had suddenly learned to see. (Remarque, All Quiet I. 17) What Baumer and his comrades have learned is that the words and expressions used by the pillars of society do not reflect the reality of war and of one?s participation in it. As the novel progresses, Baumer himself uses words in a similarly false fashion. A number of inezces of Baumer?s own misuse of language occur during an important episode in the novel?a period of leave when he visits his home town. This leave is disastrous for Baumer because he realizes that he can not communicate with the people on the home front because of his military experiences and their limited, or nonexistent, underezding of the war. When he first enters his house, for example, Baumer is overwhelmed at being home. His joy and relief are such that he cannot speak; he can only weep (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 140). When he and his mother greet each other, he realizes immediately that he has nothing to say to her: "We say very little and I am thankful that she asks nothing" (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 141). But finally she does speak to him and asks, "?Was it very bad out there, Paul" (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 143). Here, when he answers, he lies,

Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Cognitive Approach to Psychology Essays

Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Cognitive Approach to Psychology Essays Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Cognitive Approach to Psychology Essay Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Cognitive Approach to Psychology Essay Excuse or Explanation? When the news report flashes across the television informing millions around the world of the murder of a family of six, it is obvious that the initiate reaction of the civilians would be terror and hatred. This hatred, a fierce, in-tolerant force behind these people that would instantly choose the worst for whomever the suspect may be. Often, this is the reaction of the people whereas there are a few of those individuals who may decide to view this case differently. These would be psychologists. A psychologist may approach this story with a view inside of the perpetrators mind. Was he biologically, psychodynamicly, behaviorally or cognitively provoked to do such a thing? What would make someone do something horrible and violent like that? Each of the psychologists views provide different aspects and alternate explanations for why this offenders actions occurred, sometimes even explanations to the point of understanding the mind of a criminal. A biological psychologist specifically focuses on the genetics and physiological side of the story. Biology itself refers to the make-up of each individual person, most of the time stemming off from his or her parents, grand-parents or even great-grand-parents. How did they act? What did they do? And why did they do it? It could be in their genes, the way that things are put together inside each individuals mind that illustrates the reason for their actions. Is it possible that one’s genes were made up to be completely violent? Could one’s father or mother be more responsible for the deaths of these six people than the murderer themselves? A biological psychologist would more than likely answer this question with a definite â€Å"yes†. A biological point of view examines all thoughts, feelings and behaviors as a product of the chemistry of our brains. A statement might also be that we become ill whether medically or psychologically due to our genetics. This, might bring the biological psychologists conclusion to be that this murder was committed because this culprits father did the same thing, and therefore, it was genetically passed on to his children. The next psychologist, one of whom studies the psychodynamic approach, may say that this was an unconscious deviant behavior that was sought out without intention. Psychodynamicly speaking, one might say that this murder was not something that this person would â€Å"normally† do. Psychodynamics focuses on the underlying parts of the human mind. Repressed incidents or hidden information can often form unwilling urges to come forth into daily actions. For instance, if this murder was completely relaxed and asked to express the thoughts that go through his mind, the psychologist may see the terror that has been concealed for so long. Following, the study of this individual, a psychodynamic psychologist could eventually be able to come to the conclusion that the unconscious painful memories of this murderer was what killed these people, not the offender himself. Another viewpoint would be seeing things from a behavioral approach. Behavioral meaning a controllable aspect of each individuals life, that can be altered and tweaked until it is near perfect. Take for instance a two year old child. From the day it was born to the time of it’s death, behaviors are taken in from lessons taught to them by those all around. If this child is taught that hitting, screaming and crying are something that gives them attention and provides them with care, this will be what will suffice all of their lives. If one is taught that patience, calmness and quiet is what provides them with love and comfort, this perhaps will be what will project throughout their lives. A behavioral psychologist will say that this murder took place because it is what the murderer was taught to do and what he learned. This psychologist will not focus on what they think or feel, it is simply based on what they do. A behavioral psychologists may even say that this killer could be taught to do differently and that killing is not acceptable. We also have the cognitive psychologists approach. By definition, cognitive means knowing. Therefore, cognitive psychologists try to figure out what is going on in an individuals mind that may lead them to their behavior. Sometimes, scientific equipment is used in order to fully understand the reactions and thoughts that are going on in a person’s mind. Here, a cognitive psychologist may look at this murderer and view his actions as a chemical reaction that went wrong in his or her brain. Also they may see this perpetrators actions as something he or she took in and had to release and the way he or she released it was through the violent act of murder. For example, this suspect may have been harassed and threatened himself and in order to release the fear, he or she committed a terrible crime. Cognitive psychology is completely interested in what people think and from that point, what they choose to or not to do. Being only a few views of psychology there seems to be many explanations for what people do. The reasons they abuse their children or loved ones, why they are alcoholics or in this case why they committed a murder. Often times, in a scenario like this, the psychological views may come across as some sort of excuse to get by a punishment for actions. However, all psychology is able to say, with experiments and procedures previously carried out that there is plenty of back up and explanation of the validity and reliability of their study. Whether it be biological, psychodynamic, behavioral or cognitive approach, psychology will always have a answer.

Learning Team Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Plan and Essay

Learning Team Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Plan and Presentation - Essay Example Hastings, an industry expert noted that â€Å"we are becoming like them in doing some originals and they are becoming more like us in creating an on-demand interface like HBO Go," which allows viewers to watch channels on the Web and on mobile and tabulate devices† (Coyle, 2012). This comment however is not without merit because close analysis in the industry shows that online video is going that way. Already, Netflix, the dominant player in the online video industry premiered its first scripted show Lilyhammer and House of Cards which was originally aired on Fox (Coyle, 2012). Hulu also premiered its own documentary show Battleground in February followed by Up to Speed which is a documentary about the ignored monuments of American cities (Coyle, 2012). Even Yahoo which was originally known as a search engine and email provider launched Electric City an animation series produced and voiced by Tom Hanks. Netflix, the industry leader is already operating under the assumption tha t TV and internet is converging with TV networks already experimenting on of going online for its shows to be seen in the internet and handheld mobile devices (Coyle, 2012). ... Branding As a brand, Hulu was previously known to be a free internet movie provider whose content were supported solely by advertisement. Its transition from free internet movie provider to paid subscription albeit first was met with resistance (Sandoval, 2009) was however overcome where Hulu is now known as one of the leading provider of internet videos. While Hulu have made decent strides in the internet video industry, its brand is not yet that established compared to its competitor Yahoo who is capitalizing on its existing audience base. Thus, it is highly recommended that Hulu should diversify and create more original content that is patently produced and owned by the company for the brand to be known among consumers. It is also recommended that the company should advertise itself more to increase the presence of the brand. Hulu’s brand presence should also not be limited in North America but extend it abroad including the rising market in Asia if it intends to go global. Positioning The online video market uses the internet as its platform which is global in reach and cost efficient. Having this reach to anywhere in the world for as long as there is an internet connection spells a different economics for industry players because of the sheer volume of its potential market. Unlike in traditional broadcast TV whose immediate reach is limited to one geographical location such as the United States, internet video can reach other countries simultaneously without having its shows or content syndicated to a third party just for the content to be shown outside the territory of its original location. At present, Hulu is limited to US customers and is not able to other regions particularly in emerging market such as Asia. This limitation is

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Land law - Essay Example To start with, the Limitation Act 1980 makes provision for a claim for recovery of land only in circumstances where a squatter is in adverse possession, and the action will be statute-barred if it is not commenced within 12 years from the date of the dispossession.2 Schedule 1, Paragraph 8(1) provides as follows:- ‘No right of action to recover land shall be treated as accruing unless the land is in the possession of some person in whose favour the period of limitation can run (referred to below in this paragraph as adverse possession); and where under the preceding provisions of this Schedule any such right of action is treated as accruing on a certain date and no person is in adverse possession on that date, the right of action shall not be treated as accruing unless and until adverse possession is taken of the land.’3 Whether or not Mia has been in actual possession of the property for the requisite statutory term of 12 years can only be determined by reference to the relevant case law. Possession for the purposes of the Section 15 of the Limitation Act 1980 has been restated by the House of Lords in J.A. Pye (Oxford) Ltd. and Others v Graham and Another [2002]. In this case Lord Browne-Wilkinson remarked that the ‘only question was whether the squatter had been in possession in the ordinary sense of the word†¦ The question is simply whether the defendant squatter has dispossessed the paper owner by going into ordinary possession of the land for the requisite period without the consent of the owner’.4 In the ordinary sense of the word, possession must contain two essential elements, factual possession as well as an intention to possess. Factual possession was defined by Slade J in Powell v McFarlane (1977) as an exclusive occupation of the land to the extent that a true owner is otherwise entitled to occupy it. ‘The question what acts constitute a sufficient degree of exclusive physical control must

Social, Moral, and Political Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Social, Moral, and Political Philosophy Essay Introduction Social, moral, and political philosophies are three branches that share elements, but are different in application. This paper considers what the fields have in common, how they are different, and how they apply to modern life. When thinkers contemplate such diverse ideas such as justice, love, friendship, democracy, and divorce, they are considering concepts that fit in one or more of the three fields of philosophy discussed in this paper. Contrasts and Commonality. When philosophy addresses questions of values there are three branches that work as agents in the effort: social, moral, and political philosophy. Though there is plenty of overlap with the primary concerns of each branch, there is also sufficient difference in their aim. In some cases the three mentioned fields of philosophy share elements so much that it is easy to confuse them, and yet, in some case they are so different as to ask completely different questions about the same circumstances. Social philosophy addresses questions of society and its institutions; concerned especially with determining the features of the ideal or best society (Moore Bruder, 2004). The primary terrain of social philosophy is the exterior of human beings and how it interacts with collectives and the systems created by the collectives. How humans relate to each other, how they collect into organizations, and how those organizations can best be configured; these are the questions for social philosophy. Moral philosophy (ethics) is the philosophical study of moral judgments that identify what is of virtue, just, morally right, good, and also the opposite of each of those concepts. One of the aims of contemporary moral philosophy is to discover some method or style of argument that can help people resolve moral disagreements (Landesman, 2000). Moral philosophy searches the interior of humanity and seeks answers to questions of right and wrong. Pressing questions for moral philosophy ask individuals to affirm or deny abortion, capital punishment, polygamy, illicit drug use, and prostitution. Political philosophy concerns itself with the nature of the state and seeks to assess its justification and proper organization (Moore Bruder, 2004). Rather than seeking the answers to what is moral, right, or just, political philosophy considers which structure works best for the ordering of society, and who should rule within that structure. For example, according to Plato aristocracy is a preferred form of government that is ruled by a philosopher-king (Moore Bruder, 2004, pg. 311). Each of the mentioned branches of philosophy expresses the values that construct the conditions for human life. A healthy, viable society is erected not only by steel and mortar, but also by social mores, concepts of proper interactions, and systems for vetting policy ideas to govern behavior. Social and moral philosophy ask what is right and just with our social institutions, with the expectation that the perfect society is realistically obtainable. Moral and political philosophy work together to first set the foundation for describing the optimal good, and then creating the rationale and methodology for ordering the thoughts, ideas, and justification for state organization and action. The Differences While there is overlap between social, moral, and political philosophy, there are also points where they depart from each other to separate ideological territory. The thing that differentiates each of the mentioned areas of philosophy can be determined by the angle taken on a question. As an example, consider an unmarried couple that has premarital intimate relations that results in a pregnancy. Social philosophy would ask what the couple should do that would result in the best social relations, with the best net effect for society overall. Moral philosophy would search their options and ask if abortion, out-of-wedlock birth, and premarital sex are right or wrong. Political philosophy would ask what laws should be created to enforce the best interests of the state. Applications for Modern Life In modern life there are plenty of opportunities to apply social, moral, and political philosophy. Consider the vexing and ongoing war in Iraq. The war started with a new political theory that was dubbed â€Å"the Bush doctrine,† named after President George W. Bush. For the first time in American history the country was signaling to the world that preemptive aggression against countries thought to threaten American interest was acceptable. The idea of attacking other countries before they attacked first had previously been viewed as contradictory to the essential political tradition in America. Traditional American political philosophy going back to the earliest leaders was nearly isolationist and firmly against needlessly meddling in international strife. Everything changed with the Bush doctrine. Social philosophy considers life in America and Iraq as a result of the war. What type of society would be best in a post-war Iraq? How can the deeply divisive war be moderated in America between individuals who support and oppose the war? Moral philosophy wonders about the rightness of attacking people when they have not been aggressive first; about equivalency of murder and so-called â€Å"collateral damage,† a euphemism for accidental killing of non-combatants; and whether Americans soldiers who fight in Iraq are just warriors fighting for virtuous aims or improper agents of injustice. Political philosophy would strike to the heart of how the decision for the United States to engage in preemptive war should be decided. In a famous quote President Bush announced to the American public â€Å"I’m the decider. † However, the democratic republic and constitutional form of government actually rests the declaration of war in the domain of Congress. Founders of American government purposefully separated the system into three branches in an attempt to create checks and balances. With the actions of President Bush, one would need political philosophy to reason through the ambiguous local of war powers used amongst the three branches of government. If the president is able to use a personal philosophy in order to commit the American military to a long-term war, then the form of government would seem to be aristocracy. If Congress were to use their authority to prevent the doctrine of preemptive war from prevailing, then the form of government would seem to be a republic. If the president and Congress were to observe the polls that reveal a majority of Americans disapprove of the war, and act upon public opinion, the form of government would be democracy. Conclusion Though social, moral, and political philosophies share common elements, they contrast each other by the questions they consider in given circumstances. Social philosophy questions what is best between humans and their collectives. Moral philosophy seeks determinations of right and wrong, justice and injustice, virtue and dishonor. Political philosophy ponders the best way to organize the State. Each field of philosophy shares the net effect of creating structure for how humans exist, behave, and live together. However, the fields differ in that they concentrate in on instance on the experiential nature of human interaction, in another case on abstract concept of rightness, and in another case on the physical structure of the State. Landesman, C. (Winter 2000). Can Moral Philosophy Teach Us Anything?. Academic Questions, 14, 1. p. 50. Retrieved April 08, 2008, from General OneFile via Gale: http://find. galegroup. com/itx/start. do? prodId=ITOF.

Ralph Ellisons novel, Invisible Man. Essay -- English Literature

Ralph Ellison's novel, Invisible Man. The unnamed, main character and narrator of Ralph Ellison's novel, Invisible Man, goes through the story being thrown from one ideology to another in search for a sense of individual truth. The narrator finds that following an ideology does not help him find individualism whatsoever but only confines what he can be. The narrator's grandfather gave him his first and most prominent ideology in which he were to follow. "Son, after I'm gone I want you to keep up the good fight. I never told you, but our life is a war and I have been a traitor all my born days, a spy in the enemy's country ever since I give up my gun back in reconstruction. Live with your head in the lion's mouth. I want you to overcome 'em to death with yeses, undermine 'em with grins, and agree 'em to death and destruction, let 'em swoller you till they vomit or bust wide open." In his last testaments, the narrator's grandfather is trying to give a guide to overcoming the white man oppression by pretending to enjoy attending to the white man's desires. Race st...

Starbucks Strategic

Starbucks – Strategic Management Prowess Efficacy Today we stand witness to a new coffee era, one made up of Caffe Lattes, Espresso Macchiatos, Cappuccinos and Frappuccinos. Specialty Coffee is here to stay and no one will be more eager to tell you that than Howard Schultz, CEO of Starbucks, the world’s largest specialty coffee bar. In 1993, Starbucks continued its aggressive expansion and moved into the East Coast market by establishing a presence in Washington, D. C.This expansion has continued and today Starbucks operates more then 15,800 stores internationally and employs roughly 140,000 employees. It grosses 11. 7 billion in annual revenue and is opening 5 new stores every day. (Starbucks Corporation, 2011) Starbucks competes with players both within the specialty market and against those outside the specialty coffee market. Some examples of competitors within the specialty coffee market are Tully’s coffee, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Peet’s Coffee, Caribou Coffee and other smaller chains.Those outside the specialty market include, Folgers, Proctor & Gamble, Dunkin Donuts, McDonalds and numerous other coffee serving establishments. Starbucks leverages its customer loyalty, premium quality coffee and the homey atmosphere of its stores to fend off competition. Specialty Coffee Industry Attractiveness The most attractive industry for any profit maximizing firm within a capitalistic society would be one in which they can have a pure monopoly. In economics this refers to situations in which one established firm can be the sole provider of a product or service in a particular market segment.This theory of monopoly would be one end of the industry attractiveness scale, while the other endpoint would be defined by the theory of perfect competition. This scale will help us to define the attractiveness of the specialty coffee industry in relation to these two extremes. The five forces analysis of the specialty coffee industry has allowe d us to identify some of the key structural characteristics of the main players in the industry, such as the buyers, suppliers, potential new entrants, potential substitutes and rivals within the industry.These key structural characteristics suggest that the forces exerted by these five players on the specialty coffee industry initially made it ideal for a situation to develop in which the industry structure was closer to the monopoly end point on the scale of attractiveness rather than the pure competition end point. The primary competition among rivals within the industry was not price oriented; the buyers of specialty coffee and the sellers of Arabica beans had little bargaining power at their disposal; and there existed no true substitutes for specialty coffee.The strongest force acting on the industry was that of the potential new entrants, which could be mitigated by a first mover firm if it was able to establish dominant brand recognition, successfully expand aggressively and create a defendable differentiated product. Therefore, placing the specialty coffee industry at its inception in the late 1980s on the scale defined above is now possible and it appears to reside closer to the monopoly end of the scale than perfect competition, making it a very desirable industry from the standpoint of a profit maximizing firm such as Starbucks.The second important factor influencing the attractiveness of an industry is the demographic makeup of the consumer base. The higher average American consumption of coffee per day, added to the attractiveness of the industry by providing an enormous pool of potential customers. These two factors also play a significant role in determining the attractiveness of the industry because they show that the average customer of the specialty coffee industry has more financial resources, education and consumes more coffee than the typical American.This implies a consumer base that is more flexible to price fluctuations and is less lik ely to fuel discounting among rival competitors, or a price war. Both Michael Porter's five forces analysis of the specialty coffee industry and the demographic makeup of the consumer base, then, suggest an extremely attractive industry with large growth potential in the late 1980s. The objective of any firm trying to dominate or monopolize the specialty coffee industry would be to create defendable sources of competitive advantage through the use of barriers to entry and a horizontal or organic hierarchy that could outpace competition in innovation.Results of the five forces analysis would suggest, given the unlikely prospect of a price war and the negative repercussions of one, that price superiority alone would be an ill-advised approach. Starbucks’ Success Factors First-mover advantage When Howard Shultz purchased the assets of Starbucks on August 18, 1987, he immediately set in motion an aggressive growth strategy targeted at the unique consumer base the specialty coffee industry attracted. Strategic expansion to eastChicago was chosen as the first major eastern expansion target because it presented enormous opportunities being located in the heartland of the two largest basic coffee companies in the United States. The first of these two companies was Folgers, part of the food and beverages division of Procter ; Gamble, and the second company was Maxwell House. California Expansion California simply represented a vast market with an ideal demographic makeup and open attitude toward high quality and innovative foods.Los Angeles was chosen to be the hub city in California given its status as a trendsetter and Hollywood's cultural ties to the rest of the country. The Catalog Another means Starbucks utilized to determine the most advantageous locations to open new stores was through their mail order catalog. This catalog gave customers the opportunity to order wholesale packaged Starbucks’ coffee beans from anywhere in the country. Employee Sati sfaction As Howard Schultz said in reference to his employees, â€Å"these people are not only the heart and soul but also the public face of the company.Every dollar earned passes through their hands. † Maintaining quality of Arabica beans In order to ensure that the quality of Arabica beans stayed at a consistently high level, Starbucks pursued strategies to secure their supply-chain. Environmental / Social Goodwill By collaborating publicly with Conservation International, Starbucks stands to increase their legitimacy with other NGOs; thus, reducing the risk of protests and the negative implications those protests would have on their brand image.This alliance also allowed Starbucks to attain economies of scale in regards to their ability to contribute positively to the community and the environment by tapping in to some of the expertise offered through Conservation international. The most important aspect of the strategic alliance with conservation international was the co llaborative development of C. A. F. E. practices (Coffee and Farmer Equity Practices). The primary goal of the C. A. F. E. practices was to enhance the coffee farmer’s quality of life and to ensure a long-term stream of high quality coffee.Capturing the concept of â€Å"The Third Place† Starbucks tries to offer a â€Å"third place†, where people can get away from the daily routines of their lives and enjoy a cup of coffee from Sumatra, Kenya or Costa Rica. Most importantly, it is a place that offers casual social interactions. Michael Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis The five variables responsible for the forces analyzed using this model are the industry suppliers, buyers, potential new entrants, substitute products and the competition among existing firms.The analysis will apply Porter's five forces model to the environment surrounding Starbucks today in order to develop an accurate understanding of the current specialty coffee industry. Industry Rivalry Starb ucks competes with a variety of smaller scale specialty coffee shops, mostly concentrated in different regions. All of these specialty coffee chains are differentiated from Starbucks in one way or another. Caribou Coffee is a specialty coffee chain that competes with Starbucks. Where Starbucks strives to create an upscale European atmosphere, Caribou coffee tries to implement a more American feel to their coffee houses.A Canadian-based company, A. L. Van Houtte, operates roughly 100 corporate outlets and franchises, serving nearly 3 million cups of coffee per day. As the original inspiration for Starbucks, Peet’s Coffee and Tea Company which originated in Berkeley, California still poses a serious competitive threat. In addition to these smaller scale specialty coffee companies, Starbucks must now compete against two of the largest companies in the fast food industry namely Dunkin Donuts, and McDonald's restaurant fast food chain. PASTE REST OF COMPETITOR LOGOSPotential for N ew Entrants The primary deterrents to entry in the specialty coffee industry are the various barriers to entry. The economies of scale within the specialty coffee industry have increased as the size of the top players has increased. There is numerous cost disadvantages imposed on new entrants that are independent of the economies of scale considerations. Product differentiation within the specialty coffee industry has moved towards more subjective traits such as the ambience of the store, the social responsibility of the company and brand identification.All of this makes it more difficult for new entrants to gain a solid customer base. Substitute Products The force created by substitute products in the specialty coffee industry has decreased. Supplier Bargaining Power This initiative was designed to. The fair trade coffee certification ensures that the coffee farmers would be compensated fairly for their crops. Their increased unity under this initiative worked as a positive externa lity by increasing their ability to exert bargaining power over their buyers, and this initiative is looked at by consumers in their decision of where to purchase their premium coffee.Bargaining Power of Buyers The primary buyers in the specialty coffee industry remain individual consumers, who neither engage in concerted behaviour nor individually purchase in large volumes relative to the total sales of a corporation such as Starbucks. The Specialty Coffee Industry Life Cycle: An Evolutionary Process Through the application of Michael Porter’s five forces model to the specialty coffee industry in which Starbucks currently competes, an understanding of the relative magnitude of each of the five competitive forces has been developed. Specialty Coffee Growth RateWhen analyzing the specialty coffee industry’s sales growth from 1990 to 2011, as illustrated in exhibit 1, we can see that the industry experienced enormous growth in total sales between 1998 and 2002. Using exh ibit 2, which depicts the generic stages of the industry lifecycle in a graphical format, we can compare the two and pose a hypothesis as to where the specialty coffee industry is in this life cycle. Namely, this comparison suggests that the specialty coffee industry is near the inflection point between the growth stage and the maturity stage in the industry lifecycle. Target Consumer SegmentWhen specialty coffee was first being produced, its target consumer segment was the upper income class. This can be seen in Exhibit 3, which shows a survey Starbucks conducted during the 1990s and highlights the high education and income of its average consumer. This specific customer segment has been nearly fully penetrated. Any additional growth will most likely come from those consumers with middle or lower incomes. Strategic Adaptation Strategies The first thing an organization must do to adapt to a changing lifecycle is to determine where the industry is in that lifecycle.From the assumptio ns made in this analysis, I have postulated that Starbucks and the specialty coffee industry in the United States is at the end of its growth stage and in the beginning of its mature stage. The buyer market will slowly become fully saturated and repeat buyers will become the primary constituents of the consumer base, with a stronger emphasis on discounting and less differentiation between brands. The next step is formulating a proper strategy to overcome the barriers, in the form of organizational inertia. This would involve developing a fundamental understanding of what the primary contributors to that inertia are.This in turn involves identifying the existing routines and capabilities, the hierarchy structure, along with the power structure and identifying the ingrained perceptions of the business from an outsider’s perspective. Competitive Advantage in a Mature Industry It is first important to determine how Starbucks should reorient their strategic focus, given the charac teristics of a mature industry. In the case of Starbucks, they should improve their capabilities in their distribution network and maintain their industry lead in low transportation costs. Starbucks, however, should not attempt to pursue cost advantage in low-cost inputs.In the specialty coffee industry, quality is determined in large part by the quality of the raw inputs, Arabica coffee beans, which are used during the brewing process. Starbucks also should not attempt to seek a cost advantage through their labor force. Undercutting these two inputs would place their brand reputation at risk, which would have a very detrimental effect on their profits. TO ADD: SWOT ANALYSIS + PORTER MODEL IN PICTORIAL FORM+ PESTEL ANALYSIS SOME MOER DIAGRAMS AND PICs Appendix: Starbuck global footprint Growth of Starbuck Stores over last 40 years

Essay on A Midsummer Night’s Dream The Variations of Love

Love is only as strong as the people who share it. In William Shakespeare’s play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, there are relationships from all different viewpoints of love. Four Athenian lovers are caught in a web of love for the wrong person, according to fellow peevish characters. Along the story line of the play, one will be introduced to additional characters that try to be helpful by committing acts they presume will benefit the young lovers, but these characters actually create plot-twists. Also, there are other characters that have the authority to change whatever they feel is necessary without thinking twice. Furthermore, throughout this humored play, Shakespeare portrays various forms of love through arranged marriages, forbidden†¦show more content†¦Helena, whom fancies Demetrius, decides to inform him of the happenings between Hermia and Lysander. Demetrius, infuriated by this news, decides to follow Hermia and Lysander out in to the forest. Helena is following along; against Demetrius’ repent of the action. Ultimately, along the love story between Hermia and Lysander we discover the second variation of love in the play: forbidden love. These two characters, desperate for one another, decide since their love is forbidden in their own home, they will travel to someone else’s and finally become one. This is their silent protest to what the Duke and Egeus have declared of their love. In Act II Scene 1, you are introduced to Oberon, the reigning king of the fairies, to Puck, Oberon’s servant of sorts, and to Titania, the queen of the fairies. Oberon and Titania are in a quarrel over a young boy, which Titania currently has possession of. Oberon desperately wants to have the boy from Titania, despite her repetitive negative answers. Oberon then turns to his ways of magic, seeing as he is the king of the fairies. 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